Modulation circuitry is configured to generate a phase modulated signal having an output frequency that corresponds to a local oscillator (LO) signal divided by N.5. A phase locked loop (PLL) is configured to generate an LO signal having a frequency that is N.5 times the output frequency. Pulse circuitry configured to generate, based at least on a value of N, an edge signal including a pulse aligned with a positive edge of the LO signal and a pulse aligned with a negative edge of the LO signal. The edge signal is used to generate the phase modulated signal.

The modulation includes in amplifying the microwave signal phase shifted by a given angle into a first sinusoidal signal, in order to obtain a first amplified signal; and in amplifying the microwave signal phase shifted by the given angle increased by into a second sinusoidal signal phase shifted by with respect to the first signal, in order to obtain a second amplified signal phase shifted by with respect to the first amplified signal; the modulated microwave signal being the sum of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal.

A transmitter circuit includes a phase locked loop circuit, having one or more operational characteristics indicative of an operating state of the phase locked loop circuit. The phase locked loop circuit is configured to generate a frequency signal. The transmitter circuit also includes a power amplifier configured to selectively drive an antenna with a drive signal according to the frequency signal, and a programmable delay circuit configured to controllably extend a propagation delay between the frequency signal and the drive signal of the power amplifier. The programmable delay circuit is programmed such that a first value of a particular operational characteristic of the phase locked loop circuit is substantially equal to a second value of the operational characteristic of the phase locked loop circuit. The first value is measured with the power amplifier not driving the antenna. The second value is measured with the power amplifier driving the antenna.

Apparatus and methods for vector modulator phase shifters are provided. In certain embodiments, a phase shifter includes a quadrature filter that filters a differential input signal to generate a differential in-phase (I) voltage and a differential quadrature-phase (Q) voltage, an in-phase variable gain amplifier (I-VGA) that amplifies the differential I voltage to generate a differential I current, a quadrature-phase variable gain amplifier (Q-VGA) that amplifies the differential Q voltage to generate a differential Q current, and a current mode combiner that combines the differential I voltage and the differential Q voltage to generate a differential output signal. A phase difference between the differential output signal and the differential input signal is controlled by gain settings of the I-VGA and the Q-VGA.

A non-contact self-injection-locked vital sign sensor is disclosed, which includes transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, self-injection-locked integrated circuit and demodulator. The self-injection-locked integrated circuit includes voltage-controlled oscillator, mixer, two amplifiers and harmonic-frequency power combiner. A frequency-multiplied signal is produced by amplifiers and harmonic-frequency power combiner then transmitted to a living body by transmitting antenna. A frequency-divided signal is produced by voltage-controlled oscillator and mixer then transmitted to voltage-controlled oscillator, then a frequency- and amplitude-modulated signal is produced by the voltage-controlled oscillator then transmitted to demodulator to produce a vital sign. So as to detect vital sign with a higher frequency to increase measurement sensitivity by using a low-cost integrated circuit process. A centrifugal compressor includes a volute base block, a volute cover plate, an impeller, a diffuser-adjusting assembly, a radial constraint assembly, an axial constraint assembly and a driving assembly.

A mobile communication device may include a storage element and a baseband processing component operatively coupled to the storage element. The baseband processing component may generate representations of one or more symbols, provide the representations of the one or more symbols through an interface to a buffer element to process, and reduce communications through the interface to the buffer element during at least a portion of the processing of the representations of the one or more symbols.

A mobile communication device may include a storage element and a baseband processing component operatively coupled to the storage element. The baseband processing component may generate representations of one or more symbols, provide the representations of the one or more symbols through an interface to a buffer element to process, and reduce communications through the interface to the buffer element during at least a portion of the processing of the representations of the one or more symbols.

A mixer includes: a VGA (12) configured to amplify one of divided two portions of an input signal at a gain of cos ; a VGA (13) configured to amplify another one of the divided two portions of the input signal at a gain of sin ; an IQ generator (15) configured to input an LO wave, and output an LO wave in phase with the input LO wave and an LO wave having a phase difference of 90 with respect to the input LO wave; a mixer (16) configured to input the signal output from the VGA (12) and the LO wave which is output from the IQ generator (15) , to output an RF signal; a second mixer (17) configured to input the signal from the VGA (13) and the LO wave which is output from the IQ generator, to output an RF signal; and a combiner (18).

A method for transmission of signal is provided, the method comprising the steps of receiving one or more modulating signals, generating one or more modulated sinusoidal carrier waves with zero side bands, including one or more sine wave cycles at carrier frequency that have a predetermined one or more properties, defined for complete cycle at the beginning of each sine cycle at one or more zero voltage crossing points in accordance with the one or more values of the one or more modulating signals. The one or more predetermined properties to change, is selected from group of amplitude, frequency, phase, time period and combinations thereof.

A novel bi-directional vector modulator to be used as an active phase shifter is proposed. The advantages of the active phase shifter include: 1) Compact sizeBy active current combining technique, short transmission lines are used to perform signal combining rather than using area-consuming Wilkinson combiner or splitter; 2) High phase resolution and flexibilityphase interpolation can be performed by vector addition through m-path vector modulators; 3) High efficiencyno signal switch loss, only switched matching capacitor; 4) Simplified signal interconnection; 5) No passive combiner neededeliminate large size and losses in the passive combiner); 6) Can have unequal combining and/or splitting by changing the gain of vector modulator, which is difficult to realize with passive combining and/or splitting network; and 7) Can combine different signals.