Various embodiments relate to a demodulator configured to receive a legacy signal and a secured signal using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation, including: an analog to digital converter (ADC) configured to receive an OFDM modulated signal; an fast Fourier transform (FFT) unit configured to receive the output of the ADC; a frequency de-mapper configured to map the output of the FFT to legacy frame samples and secured signal samples including a secured hash; a sample to bit converter, a channel de-interleaver, and a channel decoder configured to process the legacy samples to produce a legacy frame; frame checking logic configured to check the validity of the legacy frame and produce a frame validity signal; a de-channelization module configured to convert the sample rate of secured signal samples; a channel decoder configured to decode the converted secured signal bits; a frame selector configured to select specific portions of the input legacy frame to produce a secured frame; a hash module configured to hash and encrypt the secured frame; a hash comparator configured to compare the received secured hash to the hashed and encrypted secured frame configured to produce a hash compare signal; and attack detection logic configured to determine when a received OFDM signal has been attacked based upon the hash compare signal.

The present disclosure relates to an encoder and an encoding method thereof, as well as a decoder and a decoding method thereof, which can be used to reduce the number of wires necessary for data transmission and transmit more data at a faster speed with the same number of wires, thereby improving the efficiency of data transmission. The encoder may comprises two input terminals configured to receive two input signals simultaneously, each input terminal comprises a wire identifying a positive voltage and a wire identifying a negative voltage; and a plurality of output terminals, wherein each output terminal comprises a wire identifying a positive voltage and a wire identifying a negative voltage, a combination of the two input signals corresponds to one of the plurality of output terminals, and the output terminal to which the current combination of the two input signals corresponds is configured to output signals through the two wires of the output terminal.

The present disclosure relates to an encoder and an encoding method thereof, as well as a decoder and a decoding method thereof, which can be used to reduce the number of wires necessary for data transmission and transmit more data at a faster speed with the same number of wires, thereby improving the efficiency of data transmission. The encoder may comprises two input terminals configured to receive two input signals simultaneously, each input terminal comprises a wire identifying a positive voltage and a wire identifying a negative voltage; and a plurality of output terminals, wherein each output terminal comprises a wire identifying a positive voltage and a wire identifying a negative voltage, a combination of the two input signals corresponds to one of the plurality of output terminals, and the output terminal to which the current combination of the two input signals corresponds is configured to output signals through the two wires of the output terminal.

Apparatus and a method for compressing data that represent a time-dependent signal that includes a multiplicity of time-dependent signal elements, wherein a multiplicity of spectra are received, where each spectrum corresponds to one of the time-dependent signal elements, and where each spectrum includes a multiplicity of frequencies f.sub.j and a multiplicity of amplitudes of the multiplicity of frequencies, wherein a compressed data record is generated, wherein a respective number of coefficients of an autoregressive model for the multiplicity of amplitudes of each of the multiplicity of frequencies is ascertained, and wherein the compressed data record is generated, where the compressed data record includes at least the number of coefficients and the frequencies associated with the coefficients.

Methods, devices and systems enhance compression and decompression of data blocks of data values by selecting the best suited compression method and device among two or a plurality of compression methods and devices, which are combined together and which said compression methods and devices compress effectively data values of particular data types; said best suited compression method and device is selected using as main selection criterion the dominating data type in a data block by predicting the data types within said data block.

Systems and techniques are described for compressing strings by using a tree data structure. Specifically, for each string in a sequence of strings, the embodiments can traverse the tree data structure by matching characters of the string with characters associated with nodes of the tree data structure until either (1) all characters in the string have been processed, or (2) a current character in the string does not match a corresponding character in a current node of the tree data structure. Next, a first node identifier associated with the current node can be returned if all characters have been processed. Otherwise, a new node can be created in the tree data structure to store the remaining characters in the string, and a second node identifier associated with the new node in the tree data structure can be returned.

Apparatus and a method for compressing data that represent a time-dependent signal that includes a multiplicity of time-dependent signal elements, wherein a multiplicity of spectra are received, where each spectrum corresponds to one of the time-dependent signal elements, and where each spectrum includes a multiplicity of frequencies f.sub.j and a multiplicity of amplitudes of the multiplicity of frequencies, wherein a compressed data record is generated, wherein a respective number of coefficients of an autoregressive model for the multiplicity of amplitudes of each of the multiplicity of frequencies is ascertained, and wherein the compressed data record is generated, where the compressed data record includes at least the number of coefficients and the frequencies associated with the coefficients.

A method for compressing time series data includes: reading original data including time series data; measuring a unit of the original data; determining a threshold for determining a range allowing for a difference between compressed data and the original data; performing longest distance downsampling to preserve an abnormal point of the original data; storing a start point and an end point of the original data; performing drop-out on the longest distance downsampling result, wherein the drop-out is not performed for the start point and the end point; and if the number of values of the original data is smaller than a times the original data length, storing at least one of the values of the original data as a reference point, wherein is a real number having a value between 0 and 1.

An electronic device for decompressing compressed data to recreate original data includes a first string copy engine and a second string copy engine. The first string copy engine processes a first string copy command by acquiring a first string from recreated original data and appending the first string to the recreated original data. The second string copy engine processes a second string copy command by checking the second string copy command for a dependency on the first string and, when the dependency is found, stalling further processing of the second string copy command until the first string copy engine has appended a corresponding portion of the first string to the recreated original data. The second string copy engine processes the second string copy command by acquiring a second string from the recreated original data and appending the second string to the recreated original data.

A memory controller according to an embodiment includes a memory interface that reads out a received word from a non-volatile memory and a decoder that performs bounded distance decoding for the read received word. The decoder sets r.sub.m (r.sub.m is a natural number equal to or larger than 1) symbols of a plurality of symbols constituting the received word, as options of symbol positions at each of which an error is assumed, generates a test pattern in which m (m is a natural number equal to or larger than 1 and equal to or smaller than the r.sub.m) symbols of the r.sub.m symbols are objects of rewriting, generates test hard-decision values by rewriting each of hard-decision values of the m symbols that are objects of rewriting in the test pattern, among the symbols, and performs bounded distance decoding for the test hard-decision values.