A processing method of an adaptation layer of an integrated access and backhaul node and an adaptation layer are provided. The method includes: mapping, by the adaptation layer of the integrated access and backhaul node, a received first data packet to a first bearer or channel between the integrated access and backhaul node and a first node; transmitting, by the adaptation layer of the integrated access and backhaul node, the first data packet to the first node; wherein the first node is a downstream integrated access and backhaul node relative to the integrated access and backhaul node and/or a UE accessing the integrated access and backhaul node, or the first node is an upstream integrated access and backhaul node relative to the integrated access and backhaul node or a donor node of the integrated access and backhaul node.

According to one embodiment, there is provided a communications system that conducts multiplex communications of main signals and at least one sub-signal via redundant routes between a transmission apparatus and a reception apparatus. The transmission apparatus includes a main signal duplication unit configured to duplicate each of the main signals to be communicated via a main signal channel, according to the number of the redundant routes, and a delay unit configured to adjust sending timings of copies of the main signal on the respective redundant routes based on the at least one sub-signal to be communicated via a sub-signal channel and transmit the copies of the main signal to the respective redundant routes. The reception apparatus includes a main signal selection unit configured to select one of the copies of the main signal communicated via the main signal channel, according to reception timings of the copies of the main signal passing through the respective redundant routes, and a sub-signal decoding unit configured to decode the at least one sub-signal communicated via the sub-signal channel based on which of the redundant routes the selected copy of the main signal has passed.

A server-based environment for reporting a status of a security, monitoring and automation controller is provided. Detecting cessation of an always-on persistent network connection between the SMA controller and the server is also provided. Reporting the cessation of the network connection to an end user and defined others is further provided. A further aspect provides for automatically reporting an alarm event to a central station, the end user, and others, in the event the cessation of the network connection occurs while the SMA controller is armed and after a zone fault event, and not receiving a disarm notification prior to expiration of a preset entry delay.

The present disclosure relates to a method and device for generating a protocol data unit (PDU) packet. The method includes: acquiring a service data unit (SDU) packet, processing the SDU packet according to a size of a preset data packet, and generating a packet header and a data section of a PDU packet according to the processing result, the packet header and the data section constituting the PDU packet. The packet header omits a framing indication (F) field and a resegmentation flag (RF) field and includes a preset field, and the preset field includes other fields than the FI field and the RF field that are redefined in a common packet header, or a target field that is newly added, a field length of the target field that is newly added being smaller than a total length of the FI field and the RF field.

Techniques for detecting path failures and reducing packet loss as a result of such failures are described for use within a data center or other environment. For example, a source and/or destination access node may create and/or maintain information about health and/or connectivity for a plurality of ports or paths between the source and destination device and core switches. The source access node may spray packets over a number of paths between the source access node and the destination access node. The source access node may use the information about connectivity for the paths between the source or destination access nodes and the core switches to limit the paths over which packets are sprayed. The source access node may spray packets over paths between the source access node and the destination access node that are identified as healthy, while avoiding paths that have been identified as failed.

A method for changing layer 2 (L2) identifiers (ID)s during an ongoing vehicle-to-everything session between a source wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a peer WTRU includes communicating between the source and a peer WTRUs based on existing L2 IDs and an existing session ID. On a condition that a trigger event occurs, the source WTRU and the peer WTRU each generate new L2 IDs as well as respective portions of a new session ID. The new L2 IDs are subsequently used along with the new session ID to increase privacy of communication between the source WTRU and the peer WTRU.

The present invention provides methods, apparatus and systems for improving a systems-level data rate on a communications link such as the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed multiple access (OFDMA) downlink used in WiFi and LTE cellular/wireless mobile data applications. The present invention preferably uses a form of multilevel coding and decoding known as tiled-building-block encoding/decoding. With the present invention, different receivers coupled to different parallel downlink channels with different channel qualities decode different received signal constellations at different levels of resolution. This allows the downlink of the OFDMA system to operate with a significantly higher data rate, thus eliminating existing inefficiencies in the downlink and significantly increasing system level bandwidth efficiency.

Techniques for adapting source ports for traffic include generating a first packet with a header and a payload, the header including an indication of a first source port from which the first packet is to be transmitted. The first packet is transmitted to a receiver using the first source port and, upon not receiving an acknowledgment from the receiver, a second packet with second header and the same payload is generated. The second header includes an indication of a second, different source port from which the second packet is to be transmitted. The second packet is transmitted to the receiver using the second, different source port. An acknowledgment is received from the receiver for one of the first or second packets, and the acknowledgment includes an indication of the source port that sent the packet.

A computer-implemented method, computer program product and computing system for: encoding an unencoded data file to generate a related encoded data file based upon a plurality of mappings to a plurality of portions of a dictionary file; receiving a request to manipulate the unencoded data file, wherein the request would require a first sequence of operations to be performed on the unencoded data file; and processing the related encoded data file based upon the plurality of mappings and the dictionary file to generate a modified encoded data file, wherein processing the related encoded data file includes performing a second sequence of operations on the encoded data file to achieve the requested manipulations of the unencoded data file.

A communication apparatus for selecting a plurality of messages each including destination information indicating a common transmission destination from among a plurality of messages each including destination information indicating a transmission destination, a first generation unit configured to generate a plurality of transmission packets corresponding to the messages selected, in a batch, and a second generation unit configured to generate a transmission packet corresponding to a message not selected among the plurality of messages.