A squarylium dye [A] that has high invisibility, i.e., exhibits low absorption in the visible light region (400 nm to 750 nm), has excellent near-infrared absorption capability and high light resistance, tends not to exhibit aggregations, and has specific X-ray diffraction peaks; and an image-forming material and the like containing the squarylium dye [A] having said characteristics. The problem is solved by a squarylium dye [A] having specific X-ray diffraction peaks represented by general formula (1). Moreover, the problem is also solved by various materials containing the squarylium dye [A].

The inventive concepts provide a three-dimensional (3D) image sensor, based on structured light (SL), having a structure in which difficulty in a manufacturing process of a wiring layer is decreased and/or an area of a bottom pad of a capacitor is increased. The 3D image sensor includes: a pixel area including a photodiode in a semiconductor substrate and a gate group including a plurality of gates; a multiple wiring layer on an upper portion of the pixel area, the multiple wiring layer including at least two wiring layers; and a capacitor structure between a first wiring layer on a lowermost wiring layer of the multiple wiring layer and a second wiring layer on the first wiring layer, the capacitor structure including a bottom pad, a top pad, and a plurality of capacitors, wherein the bottom pad is connected to the first wiring layer.

Provided is a method of operating an automotive image sensor, the method including performing a reset operation to set an initialization register corresponding to operation information of the automotive image sensor, receiving a device authentication request from an electronic control unit after performing the reset operation, performing an authentication operation with the electronic control unit based on the device authentication request, obtaining first image data while performing the authentication operation, transmitting the first image data to the electronic control unit while performing the authentication operation, obtaining second image data after the authentication operation is completed, generating a tag for the second image data, and transmitting the second image data and the tag to the electronic control unit.

Systems and methods for capturing measurements of images of an object to be measured using a mobile electronic device are disclosed. A method may include capturing a measurement image of a measured object within an observation region of a camera of the device, displaying a light-emitted image on a screen of the device, causing the screen to successively display multiple illumination images of a predefined illumination image sequence, and causing the screen of the device to display one or more of the illumination images of the predefined illumination images. The predefined illumination image sequence is set via a user interface of the device and a selection between different predefined illumination image sequences is rendered using the user interface. A control unit is configured to select a predefined illumination image sequence between several stored predefined illumination image sequences in dependence on a selection of the measured object of interest and/or a characteristic of interest.

A device includes a plurality of imaging pixels in a spatial pattern with a formation of features disposed over the pixels. A first and a second feature of the formation of features are disposed over a first pixel. A first luminophore is disposed within or over the first feature. A second luminophore is disposed within or over the second feature. A structured illumination source is to direct at least a portion of first photons in an illumination pattern to the first feature at a first time, and to direct at least a portion of second photons in the illumination pattern to the second feature at a second time. The structured illumination source includes an illumination pattern generator having an illumination pattern generator actuator connected to the illumination pattern generator to cause the illumination pattern to translate or rotate relative to the formation of features.

A method of detecting electromagnetic radiation includes illuminating a photodiode of a pixel sensor with electromagnetic radiation, using vertical gate structures of a transfer transistor to couple a cathode of the photodiode to an internal node of the pixel sensor, thereby generating an internal node voltage level, and generating an output voltage level of the pixel sensor based on the internal node voltage level.

Provided is an imaging unit that includes two or more imaging devices that are different from each other in imaging direction, and a substrate formed with each of the imaging devices. The substrate has a coupler formed between the imaging devices. The imaging unit including the plurality of imaging devices is able to yield a high-quality image when capturing an image of a wide range.

An optical system includes a front lens unit with positive refractive power, an intermediate lens unit, and a rear lens unit in order from an object side to an image side. The intermediate lens unit moves to change an interval between the front lens unit and the intermediate lens unit and an interval between the intermediate lens unit and the rear lens unit in focusing from infinity to a close range. The focal length of the front lens unit and the effective diameter of a lens surface closest to the image side in the rear lens unit satisfy a predetermined inequality.

Image deterioration in an image sensor is inhibited. A solid-state imaging device includes: a pixel array that photoelectrically converts received light and contains pixels arranged in a two-dimensionally arrayed manner, the pixels outputting analog signals; a conversion part that converts the analog signals outputted from the pixels to digital data; a coding part that generates one sign bit or a plurality of sign bits as to the digital data; a storage part that stores the digital data and the sign bit or sign bits; a decoding part that decodes the sign bit or sign bits as to the digital data stored in the storage part; a determination part that determines, on the basis of the decoded sign bit or sign bits, whether or not an error in writing or reading of the digital data in or from the storage part has occurred; and a signal processing part that processes the digital data read from the storage part on the basis of output of the determination part.

The invention relates to a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing device comprising —a pulsed light source, —at least one pixel to create photo-generated electrons, synchronized with said pulsed light source. It is mainly characterized in that each pixel comprises: —a pinned photodiode (PPD) having two electronic connection nodes, —a sense node (SN), to convert the photo-generated electrons into a voltage, and —a Transfer Gate (TGtransfer) transistor, having its source electronically connected to one electronic connection node of said pinned photodiode (PPD), and being configured to act as a transfer gate (TG) between said pinned photodiode (PPD) and said sense node (SN), allowing the photo-generated electrons to sink when the light is pulsed-off, the photo-generated electrons integration when the light is pulsed-on and the transfer of at least part of the integrated photo-generated electrons to said sense node for a read-out.