In an aspect, a UE (e.g., PUE or VUE) performs one or more sidelink positioning measurements on a first sidelink positioning signal between PUE and a VUE. The UE transmits measurement data based on the one or more sidelink positioning measurements to a RSU. The RSU receives the measurement data and determines a positioning estimate for the PUE. The RSU transmits the positioning estimate to the PUE, at least one VUE, or a combination thereof.

Methods and systems for transmitting location updates include determining a deviation distance, based on an extrapolated travel direction and an actual travel direction from a last updated location. It is determined that the deviation distance exceeds a deviation threshold. A location update is transmitted to a tracking server, responsive to the determination that the deviation distance exceeds the deviation threshold.

A first correspondence table in a terminal device stores a correspondence between an identifier of a process running on the terminal device and an identifier of a data stream created by the process, a second correspondence table stores a second correspondence between an identifier of an application and an identifier of a process created by the application. The terminal device receives an identifier, sent by a network security device, of a first data stream. The terminal device can find, in the first correspondence table, a first record storing the identifier of the first data stream to obtain an identifier of a process. The terminal device can find in the second correspondence table, a second record storing the identifier of the process in the first record to obtain an identifier of an application from the second record. The identifier of the application is then sent to the network security device.

A first correspondence table in a terminal device stores a correspondence between an identifier of a process running on the terminal device and an identifier of a data stream created by the process, a second correspondence table stores a second correspondence between an identifier of an application and an identifier of a process created by the application. The terminal device receives an identifier, sent by a network security device, of a first data stream. The terminal device can find, in the first correspondence table, a first record storing the identifier of the first data stream to obtain an identifier of a process. The terminal device can find in the second correspondence table, a second record storing the identifier of the process in the first record to obtain an identifier of an application from the second record. The identifier of the application is then sent to the network security device.

A method of operating a radio access network (RAN) node includes determining whether packet duplication is activated for a split data radio bearer (DRB), associated to a user equipment (UE) and initiating transmission of an indication toward a trace collection entity of whether packet duplication is enabled for the DRB. A method of operating a management node of a core network of a wireless communication system according to some embodiments includes transmitting a minimization of drive testing (MDT) configuration associated to a UE towards a network node, receiving an indication of whether packet duplication is enabled for a split DRB associated to the UE, and adjusting how throughput is calculated for the UE based on the indication.

A UE transmits a capability message to an access node in a wireless network, indicating capability corresponding to ML of the UE at a current time instance. The UE receives a configuration message for radio measurements, indicating set(s) of parameters to be measured. The UE receives a configured capability in a message and matches the configured capability with the capability of the user equipment at the current time instance. The UE measures the set(s) of parameters. The UE uses ML to infer value(s) for at least one of the parameters based on the measured set(s) of parameters and based on the received configured capability. The UE reports the inferred value(s) for the at least one parameter. An access node receives the capability message, determines and sends the configuration message and configured capability receives the reporting.

A safety system for localizing a person or object has a control and evaluation unit, at least one radio location system, and at least one spatially resolving sensor for the position determination of the person or object. The radio location system has arranged radio stations, wherein at least one radio transponder is arranged at the person or object. Position data and classification data of the person or object can be determined by means of the radio location system. The position data and the classification data can be transmitted from the radio station to the control and evaluation unit and position data and contour data of the person or object can be determined by means of the spatially resolving sensor. The control and evaluation unit is configured to compare the position data of the radio location system and the position data of the spatially resolving sensor.

A method of operating a User Equipment (UE) device may be provided. Installation data relating to an antenna of a radio access network (RAN) node may be obtained, wherein the installation data includes physical installation data including at least one of a height of the antenna, a direction of the antenna, and/or a tilt of the antenna. The installation data may be transmitted from the UE device to a management system for a wireless communication network including the RAN node. Related radio nodes and management nodes are also discussed.

In various embodiments, techniques are provided for determining and associating multiple locations with beacons, and estimating a location of an electronic device based on beacons having multiple associated locations. To determine multiple locations of a beacon, observations are grouped into observation clusters, a probability is calculated that each observation cluster accurately describes the beacon, multiple observation clusters are selected as representative of the beacon based on the calculated probabilities, characteristics are derived for the beacon (including multiple locations) based on the selected multiple observation clusters, and at least the multiple locations for the beacon are stored in a reference database. To estimate a location of an electronic device, a list of detected beacons is created, one or more locations are accessed from a reference database for each of the beacons on the list of detected beacons with at least one of the beacons having multiple locations, the locations are grouped into location clusters, a probability each location cluster represents a location of the electronic device is calculated, an location cluster is selected to represent the location of the beacon based on the calculated probabilities, and a location of the electronic device is estimated based on the selected location cluster.

Embodiments herein provide a method for generating a real-time radio coverage map in a wireless network by a network apparatus. The method includes: receiving real-time geospatial information from one or more geographical sources in the wireless network; determining handover information of at least one user equipment (UE) in the wireless network from a plurality of base stations based on the real-time geospatial information; and generating the real-time radio coverage map based on the handover information of at least one UE and the real-time geospatial information.