A chemical liquid thermostat control device is provided, and has a chemical tank for accommodating a chemical liquid, PTC resistor patterns for heating and maintaining the chemical liquid in a constant temperature, a current limit circuit for controlling the PTC resistor patterns to heat or to stop heating according to a real-time resistance value of each of the PTC resistor patterns, so as to maintain the chemical liquid at the constant temperature. The PTC resistor patterns are uniformly spaced in the chemical tank and immersed in the chemical liquid. Each of the PTC resistor patterns is connected with the current limit circuit through a wire. A heating power of a heating device can be real-time adjusted for intelligently heating. Thus, it is safer and a fire risk can be prevented. The life time of the PTC resistor patterns is more than a decade, and doesn't need be replaced frequently.

A sublimation device includes a first heater and a second heater. The first heater includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner surface. The distal end is disposed opposite the proximal end. The inner surface extends between the proximal end and the distal end and at least partially forms a cavity. The second heater is disposed proximate the distal end of the first heater.

A sublimation device includes a first heater and a second heater. The first heater includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner surface. The distal end is disposed opposite the proximal end. The inner surface extends between the proximal end and the distal end and at least partially forms a cavity. The second heater is disposed proximate the distal end of the first heater.

In a caser where a first current is supplied to a first heater, a controller gradually increases the first current in a first period, supplies the first current based on a first duty cycle in a second period, and gradually reduces the first current to stop supplying the first current in a third period. In a case where a second current is supplied to a second heater, the controller gradually increases the second current in a fourth period, supply the second current based on a second duty cycle in a fifth period, and gradually reduces the second current to stop supplying the second current in a sixth period. The controller controls the supply of the second current such that part of the fourth period overlaps with the third period.

A control system for operating a heater includes a controller configured to determine an operational power level based on a measured performance characteristic of the heater, a power set-point, and a power control algorithm, determine a bake-out power level based on a measured leakage current at the heater, a leakage current threshold, and a moisture control algorithm, and select a power level to be applied to the heater. The selected power level is the lower power level from among the operational power level and the bake-out power level.

A thermal system includes: a base member including at least one fluid passageway in which a two-phase fluid is disposed; a tuning layer secured to the base member; and a control system. The pressure of the two-phase fluid is controlled such that the two-phase fluid provides at least one of heating and cooling to the base member. The tuning layer includes a plurality of zones. The control system includes a plurality of sets of power lines in communication with the tuning layer, and a plurality of addressable control elements in electrical communication with the power lines and with the tuning layer. The control elements provide selective control of the tuning layer zones.

A thermal system includes: a base member including at least one fluid passageway in which a two-phase fluid is disposed; a tuning layer secured to the base member; and a control system. The pressure of the two-phase fluid is controlled such that the two-phase fluid provides at least one of heating and cooling to the base member. The tuning layer includes a plurality of zones. The control system includes a plurality of sets of power lines in communication with the tuning layer, and a plurality of addressable control elements in electrical communication with the power lines and with the tuning layer. The control elements provide selective control of the tuning layer zones.

A method of operating a tankless water heater for heating a continuous supply of water. The method includes detecting a water flow condition within a heating chamber of the tankless water heater and regulating electrical current to first and second heating elements in response thereto. Both the first and second heating elements are located in the heating chamber, and respectively have first and second wattages, where second wattage is different than the first wattage. The regulating step further includes providing electrical current to the first heating element and not to the second heating element when a first flow condition is detected, and providing electrical current to the second heating element and not the first heating element when a second flow condition is detected, and providing electrical current to both of the heating elements when a third flow condition is detected.

A method of operating a tankless water heater for heating a continuous supply of water. The method includes detecting a water flow condition within a heating chamber of the tankless water heater and regulating electrical current to first and second heating elements in response thereto. Both the first and second heating elements are located in the heating chamber, and respectively have first and second wattages, where second wattage is different than the first wattage. The regulating step further includes providing electrical current to the first heating element and not to the second heating element when a first flow condition is detected, and providing electrical current to the second heating element and not the first heating element when a second flow condition is detected, and providing electrical current to both of the heating elements when a third flow condition is detected.

A jaw support and a sealing jaw for form, fill and seal machines are provided. In alternative embodiments, the form, fill and seal machines may include a fitment applicator station, a fitment applicator, a fitment heater assembly and a sealing jaw constructed and arranged to form a container and transfer and apply a fitment to the container.