A transparent pane with a conductive coating extending at least over a part of the transparent pane surface, in particular over a visual field of the transparent pane is described. The conductive coating is electrically connected to at least two strip-shaped bus bars such that after application of a supply voltage, a current flows over a heating field formed by the conductive coating. The conductive coating has an electrical resistance such that upon application of a supply voltage in the range from more than 100 volts to 400 volts, a heating output from the heating field is in the range from 300 watt/m.sup.2 to 1000 watt/m.sup.2. The at least two strip-shaped bus bars have a maximum width of less than 5 mm and are dimensioned such that a maximum electrical power loss per unit of length is 10 watt/m. Moreover, the at least two strip-shaped bus bars have a specific resistivity ranging from 2 ohm.Math.cm to 4 ohm.Math.cm.

A pressure support system for delivering a flow of breathing gas to an airway of a patient includes a base unit structured to generate the flow of breathing gas and including a heating control unit, a conduit coupled to the base unit and structured to carry the flow of breathing gas, a thermistor disposed in the conduit, and first and second resistive wires extending along the conduit from the base unit to the thermistor. The heating control unit is structured to selectively operate in a first mode to heat the conduit using the first and second resistive wires and a second mode to sense a temperature of airflow in the conduit with the thermistor via the first and second resistive wires.

An exemplary atomizer includes a housing, a liquid chamber defined in the housing, a heating part in the housing, an air passage, and two electrodes. The liquid chamber is configured for storing tobacco liquid. The heating part includes a liquid conductor and a heater. The liquid conductor is configured for absorbing the tobacco liquid from the liquid chamber. The heater is in contact with the liquid conductor. The heater is configured for heating the tobacco liquid to form aerosol. The air passage allows the aerosol to flow out of the atomizer. The two electrodes are arranged at one end of the housing, and electrically connected to two opposite ends of the heater. The atomizer further includes a temperature sensor configured for sensing a temperature of the heating part.

A sublimation device includes a first heater and a second heater. The first heater includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner surface. The distal end is disposed opposite the proximal end. The inner surface extends between the proximal end and the distal end and at least partially forms a cavity. The second heater is disposed proximate the distal end of the first heater.

A sublimation device includes a first heater and a second heater. The first heater includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner surface. The distal end is disposed opposite the proximal end. The inner surface extends between the proximal end and the distal end and at least partially forms a cavity. The second heater is disposed proximate the distal end of the first heater.

An optoelectronic circuit for receiving a variable voltage containing alternating increasing and decreasing phases, the optoelectronic circuit including a plurality of assemblies of light-emitting diodes and a switching device for controlling or interrupting the circulation of a current in each assembly and for varying the intensity of the current according to the number of assemblies through which the current passes during at least one increasing or decreasing phase.

Disclosed is a dispensing head that includes a first spindle configured for movement in a vertical direction, a first nozzle operatively attached to the spindle, a heater device removably attachable to the dispensing head. The heater device includes a heat source and an opening configured to receive the first nozzle. The heat source is configured to heat the first nozzle above an ambient temperature. An assembly system is further disclosed, along with a method of heating a nozzle.

Disclosed is a dispensing head that includes a first spindle configured for movement in a vertical direction, a first nozzle operatively attached to the spindle, a heater device removably attachable to the dispensing head. The heater device includes a heat source and an opening configured to receive the first nozzle. The heat source is configured to heat the first nozzle above an ambient temperature. An assembly system is further disclosed, along with a method of heating a nozzle.

A metering device for metering water or an aqueous solution, such as an injector for metering a reducing agent liquid into an exhaust gas stream of a combustion system or an injector for metering water or aqueous solution into a combustion chamber or into an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The metering device has an inlet and an outlet for the water or aqueous solution and a shut-off device which is arranged between the inlet and the outlet. At least one electrically operated heating element is arranged in the region of the shut-off device so as to heat and avoid freezing of the liquid.

A metering device for metering water or an aqueous solution, such as an injector for metering a reducing agent liquid into an exhaust gas stream of a combustion system or an injector for metering water or aqueous solution into a combustion chamber or into an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The metering device has an inlet and an outlet for the water or aqueous solution and a shut-off device which is arranged between the inlet and the outlet. At least one electrically operated heating element is arranged in the region of the shut-off device so as to heat and avoid freezing of the liquid.