A multi-pane, multi-geometry eye-shield adapted to be installed into a frame of an eye-shield, such as a goggle for protecting user's eyes, comprising a spherical anterior outer eye-shield member, a cylindrical posterior inner eye-shield member, an irregular-shaped gasket member between the anterior and posterior eye-shield members forming a water-tight and air-tight semi-annular space therebetween. The posterior cylindrical inner eye-shield member may further be adapted for heating to reduce condensation comprising a thin-film, electrically conductive heating element, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), and electrical contact members to connect the thin-film heating element to a power source.

A heated window covering device heats an area surrounding a window and ensures an escape through the window in the event of an emergency. The device includes a frame configured for coupling to an opening of a window well. A lid is coupled to the frame and is pivotable between an opened position and a closed position wherein the lid is configured for exposing the opening when the lid is in the opened position. A plurality of heating elements is positioned in the lid wherein the heating elements are configured to melt snow abutted against the lid such that the lid is freely pivotable between the opened and closed positions. A panic plate is operationally coupled to the lid. A lock assembly couples the panic plate and the lid wherein pressing on the panic plate is configured to retract the lock assembly and actuate the lid to the opened position.

A sublimation device includes a first heater and a second heater. The first heater includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner surface. The distal end is disposed opposite the proximal end. The inner surface extends between the proximal end and the distal end and at least partially forms a cavity. The second heater is disposed proximate the distal end of the first heater.

A sublimation device includes a first heater and a second heater. The first heater includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner surface. The distal end is disposed opposite the proximal end. The inner surface extends between the proximal end and the distal end and at least partially forms a cavity. The second heater is disposed proximate the distal end of the first heater.

A porous bioceramic-modified heating structure includes: a substrate; and a porous bioceramic layer located on a surface of the substrate. The porous bioceramic layer has micro-nano protrusions. A base material of the porous bioceramic layer is calcium phosphate salt. In an embodiment, a thickness of the porous bioceramic layer ranges from 10 m to 500 m.

A combined seat heater and capacitive occupancy sensor comprises a heater network including a heating element (11) and a capacitive sensing circuit connected to the heating element to sense a capacitive load. A first and a second interface are provided for connecting the heating element to a first and a second terminal of a power source, respectively. Each interface comprises electronically controlled switches (3, 5; 4, 6) arranged in series and defining an intermediate node (20; 21). An oscillator (8) is AC-coupled to the intermediate nodes to apply an oscillating voltage thereto. A current measuring means (9), AC-coupled between the oscillator and the heating element, keeps the AC-potential of the heating element at least substantially equal, in amplitude and phase, to the oscillating voltage on the intermediate nodes and to derive the capacitive load from a thus resulting current flowing into the heating element.

Appliances, such as hot water heaters, hot water heater controllers, and methods of operating such hot water heaters, that take into consideration the availability and capacity of alternative energy sources so that additional efficiencies can be realized by sensing the availability of an alternative energy source and adjusting the control algorithms used to control the use of the available electric power is provided.

A method for providing an electrical connection for conductive ink includes direct writing a bus bar onto areas of a desired electrical connection of the conductive ink. The conductive ink is screen printed onto a dielectric film to create a conductive circuit. An aircraft heated floor panel includes at least one floor panel of an aircraft. The one floor panel includes a conductive circuit having a conductive ink including a bus bar directly written onto areas of a desired electrical connection of the conductive ink. The conductive ink is screen printed onto a dielectric film to create a conductive circuit.

Condensation mitigation devices and condensation prediction/detection techniques configured to prevent window condensation with reduced power consumption are disclosed. A condensation mitigation device is configured to predict and/or detect a window condensation event. The condensation mitigation device is powered on only during such an event, and the condensation mitigation device is powered off afterwards to conserve power.

A thermal system includes: a base member including at least one fluid passageway in which a two-phase fluid is disposed; a tuning layer secured to the base member; and a control system. The pressure of the two-phase fluid is controlled such that the two-phase fluid provides at least one of heating and cooling to the base member. The tuning layer includes a plurality of zones. The control system includes a plurality of sets of power lines in communication with the tuning layer, and a plurality of addressable control elements in electrical communication with the power lines and with the tuning layer. The control elements provide selective control of the tuning layer zones.