An exciter for a high frequency resonator. The exciter may include an exciter coil inner portion, extending along an exciter axis, an exciter coil loop, disposed at a distal end of the exciter coil inner portion. The exciter may also include a drive mechanism, including at least a rotation component to rotate the exciter coil loop around the exciter axis.

An exciter for a high frequency resonator. The exciter may include an exciter coil inner portion, extending along an exciter axis, an exciter coil loop, disposed at a distal end of the exciter coil inner portion. The exciter may also include a drive mechanism, including at least a rotation component to rotate the exciter coil loop around the exciter axis.

Provided is a technique by which each nuclide is optimized in terms of energy and number of particles and pre-accelerated so as to be injected into a main accelerator in charged particle beam irradiation by the combined use of different nuclides.

A charged particle beam injector includes: a first ion source that generates first nuclide ions; a first linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated first nuclide ions to form a first charged particle beam; a second ion source that generates second nuclide ions; a second linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated second nuclide ions to form a second charged particle beam; and a switching electromagnet that injects one of the first charged particle beam and the second charged particle beam into an inflector of a main accelerator.

Provided is a technique by which each nuclide is optimized in terms of energy and number of particles and pre-accelerated so as to be injected into a main accelerator in charged particle beam irradiation by the combined use of different nuclides.

A charged particle beam injector includes: a first ion source that generates first nuclide ions; a first linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated first nuclide ions to form a first charged particle beam; a second ion source that generates second nuclide ions; a second linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated second nuclide ions to form a second charged particle beam; and a switching electromagnet that injects one of the first charged particle beam and the second charged particle beam into an inflector of a main accelerator.

A mass analyzer includes a main substrate, an upper substrate adhered to the main substrate, and a lower substrate. A mass analysis room (cavity) is formed in the main substrate and penetrates from an upper surface of the first main substrate to a lower surface of the first main substrate. A vertical direction (Z direction) to the main substrate by the upper substrate, both sides of the lower substrate, a travelling direction (X direction) of charged particles and a right angle to the Z direction by the main substrate, and both sides of a right-angled direction (Y to Z direction) and the X direction by a side surface of the main substrate are surrounded. A central hole is open in the side plate of the main substrate that the charged particles enter. The charged particles enter the mass analysis room through the central hole formed in the first main substrate.

An apparatus includes an accelerator guide and a shielding structure enclosing the accelerator guide. The accelerator guide includes an electron source at a first end, a target at a second end, and a plurality of accelerating cavities coupled in series along a longitudinal axis between the first end and the second end. The accelerator guide has a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis. The shielding structure has an inner wall surface defining a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis generally conformal to the contour of the accelerator guide.

An apparatus includes an accelerator guide and a shielding structure enclosing the accelerator guide. The accelerator guide includes an electron source at a first end, a target at a second end, and a plurality of accelerating cavities coupled in series along a longitudinal axis between the first end and the second end. The accelerator guide has a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis. The shielding structure has an inner wall surface defining a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis generally conformal to the contour of the accelerator guide.

Radiation scanning systems providing multiple views of an object in different planes and a reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing quasi-three-dimensional images from a limited number of views. A system may include bend magnets to direct accelerated charged particles to multiple targets in different viewing locations. Another system collimates radiation generated by a plurality of radiation sources into multiple beams for scanning an object at multiple angles. The object may be a cargo container, for example. The reconstruction algorithm uses an optimization algorithm and imaging and feasibility models to reconstruct quasi-three-dimensional images from the limited number of views.

Radiation scanning systems providing multiple views of an object in different planes and a reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing quasi-three-dimensional images from a limited number of views. A system may include bend magnets to direct accelerated charged particles to multiple targets in different viewing locations. Another system collimates radiation generated by a plurality of radiation sources into multiple beams for scanning an object at multiple angles. The object may be a cargo container, for example. The reconstruction algorithm uses an optimization algorithm and imaging and feasibility models to reconstruct quasi-three-dimensional images from the limited number of views.

Passage through LINACs of electron bunches in their acceleration phase is coordinated with passage through the LINACs of electron bunches in their deceleration phase. Each successive pair of electron bunches are spaced in time by a respective bunch spacing, in accordance with a repeating electron bunch sequence. The electron source provides clearing gaps in the electron bunch sequence to allow clearing of ions at the undulator. The electron source provides the clearing gaps in accordance with a clearing gap sequence such that, for each of the plurality of energy recovery LINACS, and for substantially all of the clearing gaps: for each passage of the clearing gap through the LINAC in an acceleration phase or deceleration phase the clearing gap is coordinated with a further one of the clearing gaps passing through the LINAC in a deceleration phase or acceleration phase thereby to maintain energy recovery operation of the LINAC.