The present invention relates to aromatic amine-terphenyl compounds and use thereof in organic semiconducting components. The organic semiconducting components may contain at least one layer that includes one or more of the aromatic amine-terphenyl compounds, and the layer may be a charge transporting layer or an emitter layer. The organic semiconducting components may be organic light-emitting diodes or photovoltaic components.

A method of forming a semiconductor film at pressure between 10.sup.−5 atm and 10 atm in the presence of a substrate includes (i) providing a precursor material in a reaction container; (ii) arranging the substrate on the reaction container such that a conductive surface of the substrate is facing towards the precursor material; and (iii) conducting a heat treatment to deposit a semiconductor layer on the conductive surface of the substrate. A semiconductor film is obtained from this method and a device comprising such semiconductor film is also provided.

The invention provides a polycyclic aromatic compound or a salt thereof having a partial structure represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein X, ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D are as defined in the specification.

A solid or quasisolid state hole transport material (HTM) includes the following complex:

##STR00001##

in which M is copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) cobalt (Co); and each structure represents an at least 6,6′ disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine, or an at least 2,9 disubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline Electronic devices, such as solar cells can include the solid or quasisolid state HTM, in which the complex is the main hole conducting compound of the HTM.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for single crystal organometallic halide perovskites, methods of making, methods of use, devices incorporating single crystal organometallic halide perovskites, and the like.

The present application provides a nitrogen-containing compound as represented by formula I, an electronic element, and an electronic device, which relates to the technical field of organic materials. The nitrogen-containing compound can improve the performance of the electronic element.

##STR00001##

Provided is an organic electroluminescence device provided with a light absorber represented by Formula 1 below, and a light absorbing layer including the same. In Formula 1, Ar is pyrene, chrysene, or anthracene, and Y is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and X is represented by any one of Formula 2-1 to 2-3 below.

##STR00001##

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes. The active layer may have perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

The present invention relates to new semiconducting compounds having at least one optionally substituted thienothiadiazole moiety. The compounds disclosed herein can exhibit high carrier mobility and/or efficient light absorption/emission characteristics, and can possess certain processing advantages such as solution-processability and/or good stability at ambient conditions.

The present invention provides an organic photoelectric conversion material such that an increase in the solution viscosity can be suppressed even after long-term storage. This organic photoelectric conversion material comprises Pd, wherein the average number of Pd clusters in a scanning transmission electron microscopic image of a thin film made of the organic photoelectric conversion material is 1500 counts/μm.sup.3 or less. It is preferable that the Pd clusters each have a particle diameter of from 1 nm to 20 nm. It is preferable that the organic photoelectric conversion material is a polymer for organic photoelectric conversion material; and it is more preferable that the polymer for organic photoelectric conversion material is a D-A type n-conjugated polymer. It is preferable that the polymer for organic photoelectric conversion material has a thiophene ring.