A method can comprise providing an ink comprising reactants, a complexing agent, and a solvent, depositing the ink onto a substrate to form a wet film, drying the wet film to form a precursor layer, and annealing the precursor layer to form a perovskite film. The reactants can comprise a first and a second cation, a first metal, and a first and a second anion, wherein the first and second cations are different from each other, and the first and second anions are different from each other. The complexing agent can comprise a heterocyclic donor material. The perovskite film can comprise a mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite material, and less than 5% by mass of the complexing agent. The perovskite film can also be formed using a one-step process.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an array substrate and a display panel. The array substrate includes a base substrate, organic electroluminescence components arranged on the base substrate in an array, and a photoelectric conversion component corresponding to each of the organic electroluminescence components. A luminescent spectrum of each organic electroluminescence component comprises a first waveband and a second waveband. The first waveband is determined by an emission peak of the luminescent spectrum, and is used to determine brightness and tone purity of light emitted by the organic electroluminescence component. The photoelectric conversion component is at least used to convert light of the second waveband emitted by a corresponding organic electroluminescence component into electric energy.

A first solid-state imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a bottom-electrode; a top-electrode opposed to the bottom-electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer provided between the bottom-electrode and the top-electrode and including a first organic semiconductor material; and—an upper inter-layer provided between the top-electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, and including a second organic semiconductor material having a halogen atom in a molecule at a concentration in a range from 0 volume % or more to less than 0.05 volume %.

A polycyclic aromatic compound represented by general formula (1) described below and having a bulky substituent in a molecule is used as a material for an organic device, whereby, for example, an organic EL device excellent in quantum efficiency can be provided. In particular, concentration quenching can be suppressed even if a use concentration is comparatively high, and therefore the present art is advantageous in a device production process.

##STR00001##

In formula (1) described above, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 to R.sup.7, R.sup.8 to R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 to R.sup.15 are independently hydrogen, aryl or the like, X.sup.1 is —O— or >N—R (R is aryl or the like), Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are a bulky substituent such as aryl, and at least one hydrogen in the compound represented by formula (1) may be replaced by halogen or deuterium.

Multilayer structures comprising a covalent organic framework (COF) film in contact with a polyaromatic carbon (PAC) film. The multilayer structures can be made by combining precursor compounds in the presence of a PAC film. The PAC film can be for example, a single layer graphene film. The multilayer structures can be used in a variety of applications such as solar cells, flexible displays, lighting devices, RFID tags, sensors, photoreceptors, batteries, capacitors, gas-storage devices, and gas-separation devices.

Platinum compounds of Formulas I and II useful in a variety of devices, such as, for example organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs). ##STR00001##

A first solid-state imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a bottom-electrode; a top-electrode opposed to the bottom-electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer provided between the bottom-electrode and the top-electrode and including a first organic semiconductor material; and- an upper inter-layer provided between the top-electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, and including a second organic semiconductor material having a halogen atom in a molecule at a concentration in a range from 0 volume % or more to less than 0.05 volume %.

An imaging element has at least a photoelectric conversion section, a first transistor TR.sub.1, and a second transistor TR.sub.2, the photoelectric conversion section includes a photoelectric conversion layer 13, a first electrode 11, and a second electrode 12, the imaging element further has a first photoelectric conversion layer extension section 13A, a third electrode 51, and a fourth electrode 51C, the first transistor TR.sub.1 includes the second electrode 12 that functions as one source/drain section, the third electrode that functions as a gate section 51, and the first photoelectric conversion layer extension section 13A that functions as the other source/drain section, and the first transistor TR.sub.1 (TR.sub.rst) is provided adjacent to the photoelectric conversion section.

The invention relates to an organic molecule for optoelectronic devices. According to the invention, the organic molecule has: —a chemical moiety with a structure of formula I: and—one or two second chemical moieties with a structure of formula II: wherein R.sup.I, R.sup.II, R.sup.III, R.sup.IV, R.sup.V, R.sup.VI, R.sup.VII, R.sup.VIII, R.sup.IX, and R.sup.X are at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of the binding site of a single bond linking the first chemical moiety to the second moiety, hydrogen, deuterium, OPh, SPh, CF.sub.3, CN, F, Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl).sub.3, Si(Ph).sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.5-alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.5-thioalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.5-alkenyl, C2-C5-alkynyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18-aryl, C.sub.3-C.sub.17-heteroaryl, N(C.sub.6-C.sub.18-aryl).sub.2, N(C.sub.3-C.sub.17-heteroaryl).sub.2; N(C.sub.3-C.sub.17-heteroaryl)(C.sub.6-C.sub.18-aryl); the dashed lines “Formula III” in formula II represent the binding sites of the first chemical moiety to the second chemical moiety; Z is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, CR.sup.3R.sup.4, C═CR.sup.3R.sup.4, C═O, C═NR.sup.3, NR.sup.3, O, SiR.sup.3R.sup.4, S, S(O) and S(O).sub.2; Ar.sup.1 is C.sub.6-C.sub.60-aryl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents R.sup.6; wherein either R.sup.V and R.sup.VI, or R.sup.VI and R.sup.VII represent the binding sites of a single bond linking the first chemical moiety to the second chemical moiety to form a ring.

##STR00001##

Provided are an organic electronic element comprising a light emitting layer composed of a mixture of compounds capable of improving luminous efficiency, stability, and lifespan of the element, and an electronic device therefor.