A device and a method for switchable vibration modal ultrasonic are provided. The device includes a hollow shaft, an ultrasonic motor, a limit shell, an electromagnet, a moving tool head, a vibration source and a tool head. The structure design of the ultrasonic motor, the magnetostrictive materials and the drive coil combination of different functions are configured so that, without changing the condition of components, the ultrasonic can switch mode, namely the longitudinal vibration, torsional vibration, and longitudinal and torsional vibration in three different vibration modes. During the operation of the device, different vibration modes are excited without changing the parts, which meets the machining requirements of different vibration forms. Meanwhile, the operation is more convenient and faster, and the overall design structure of the device ensures the efficient and safe operation of the device.

Exemplary practice of the present invention provides a magnetostrictive actuator characterized by linear force output and uniform magnetic biasing. A center bias magnet combined with a flux transfer tube produces a uniform magnetic bias down the length of a magnetostrictive component. Depending on the inventive embodiment, the magnetostrictive component may include one magnetostrictive element or a pair of collinear magnetostrictive elements. A center bias magnet, in combination with a flux transfer tube, drives magnetic flux through the magnetostrictive component (e.g., a series of magnetostrictive rods) in opposite directions, while surrounding drive coils apply flux in the same direction through the magnetostrictive component. The net response is substantially linear with respect to the drive coil current. The flux transfer tube applies distributed magnetic flux to the magnetostrictive component at a rate that ensures uniform magnetic flux density down the length of the magnetostrictive component.

A magnetic transmitter including at least one magnetoelastic element, a magnetic field source, and an actuator operably coupled to the magnetoelastic element. The magnetoelastic element is oriented parallel to the magnetic field source. The magnetic field source is configured to induce a magnetic flux in the magnetoelastic element, and the actuator is configured to induce harmonic vibration in the magnetoelastic element. The magnetoelastic element is oriented parallel to the magnetic field source. The harmonic vibration of the magnetoelastic element is configured to change a net magnetic dipole of the magnetic transmitter due to magnetostriction.

This invention relates to an operational element and a method for manufacturing the operational element that comprises magnetic shape memory alloy. in the method at least a part of the magnetic shape memory alloy is arranged as an active region that is responsive to a magnetic field and at least one other part of the magnetic shape memory alloy is arranged as an inactive region that is unresponsive to a magnetic field.

A magnetic deformable member includes a magnetic portion formed of a magnetic elastic body, and a base portion formed of a non-magnetic elastic body to cover at least a side surface of the magnetic portion. At least the magnetic portion has a magnetic deformable portion in which shape deformation is caused by application of a magnetic field. The magnetic deformable portion is provided at a boundary-side end portion on the boundary with the base portion. A display portion in which the shape deformation is displayed is provided on a front surface s1 of the magnetic deformable member. With the magnetic deformable member, a tactile feel or viewability of the display portion can be varied by deforming the boundary between the magnetic portion and the base portion.

A positive-displacement pump device has at least one shape-memory unit including at least one magnetic shape-memory element, which is configured to convey at least one medium along at least one transport direction, wherein the positive-displacement pump device includes at least one deformation unit, which is configured, for the purpose of providing a transport volume, to deform the magnetic shape-memory element, at least in an idle state in which the positive-displacement pump device is free of a current and/or voltage supply, by a pressure force and/or traction force acting in the transport direction such that the magnetic shape-memory element includes at least one first partial region and at least one second partial region which differ from one another at least by their magnetic orientations.

A microwave resonator magnetic field measuring device (1) for measuring alternating magnetic fields, with a base plate (11) having at least one supporting/bearing/clamping point (111), at least one mechanical oscillator (12+13) formed as a microwave resonator in the form of a cantilever (13) having at least one magnetostrictive layer (12), the latter being connected and mounted at at least one point to the base plate (11) in the at least one supporting/bearing/clamping point (111), at least one input coupling means (161) for microwaves and at least one output coupling means (162) for microwaves, wherein the base plate (11) and the mechanical oscillator (12+13) formed as a microwave resonator are at least partly electrically conductive and electrically conductively connected to one another. Also, a magnetic field measuring method having a magnetic field measuring device according to the invention.

An apparatus may include a rotatable permanent magnet exhibiting a magnetic field. Alternatively, the actuation apparatus may include a set of coils configured to generate a rotatable magnetic field. The apparatus may further include a magnetic shape memory (MSM) element including MSM material and having a long axis, where the MSM element is configured to contract locally in a first part in response to local exposure to a first component of the magnetic field that is substantially perpendicular to the long axis and to not contract locally in a second part that is exposed to a second component of the magnetic field that is not substantially perpendicular to the long axis. The apparatus may include a first fixed magnet positioned at a first end of the MSM element and a second fixed magnet positioned at a second end of the MSM element.

Magnetoelectric heterostructures, and related articles, systems, and methods, are generally described.

A semiconductor device includes: a substrate comprising a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) region and a logic region, a MTJ on the MTJ region, a top electrode on the MTJ, a connecting structure on the top electrode, and a first metal interconnection on the logic region. Preferably, the first metal interconnection includes a via conductor on the substrate and a trench conductor, in which a bottom surface of the trench conductor is lower than a bottom surface of the connecting structure.