Processes and apparatuses for co-processing pyrolysis effluent and a hydrocarbon stream in which a char produced by the catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis effluent is recovered and utilized to provide energy, such as heat to the catalytic cracking zone. The char can be burned in various combustion zones associated with the catalytic cracking zone. The char is produced from a renewable resource.

The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for the combustive abatement of waste gas formed during the manufacture of semiconductor wafers. In particular, the systems described herein are capable of combusting air-polluting perfluorocarbons, including those having high greenhouse gas indexes such as hexafluoroethane (C.sub.2F.sub.6) and tetrafluoromethane (CF.sub.4), as well as particulate-forming silicon dioxide precursors, such as silane (SiH.sub.4) and tetraethoxysilane (Si(OC.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.4, abbreviated TEOS), with greater efficiency and lower energy usage than prior abatement systems. More particularly, and in one preferred embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a waste gas abatement system that utilizes a combination of non-combustible and combustible gases (or gas mixtures) for thermal combustion, which are directed through multiple permeable interior surfaces of a reaction chamber, efficiently combusting waste gas and preventing undesirable accumulation of solid particulate matter on the chamber surfaces.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a molten carbonate fuel cell, such as a fuel cell assembly, with increased production of syngas while also reducing or minimizing the amount of CO.sub.2 exiting the fuel cell in the cathode exhaust stream. This can allow for improved efficiency of syngas production while also generating electrical power.

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel.

A method of upgrading oil using supercritical fluids generated by a fuel cell. The process uses supercritical carbon dioxide to control the specific gravity of the oil and supercritical water, the amount of which is controlled to achieve a desired oil/water ratio in processing oils to be upgraded. The process recovers the GHG emission stream from a fuel cell anode exhaust to produce supercritical fluids.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

A method and an integrated system for reducing CO.sub.2 emissions in industrial processes. The method and integrated system (100) capture carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) gas from a first gas stream (104) with a chemical absorbent to produce a second gas stream (106) having a higher concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) gas and a lower concentration of CO.sub.2 gas as compared to first gas stream. The CO gas in the second gas stream is used to produce C.sub.5 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbons in an exothermic reaction (108) with hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas (138). At least a portion of the heat generated in the exothermic reaction is used to regenerate the chemical absorbent with the liberation of the CO.sub.2 gas (128) captured from the first gas stream. Heat captured during the exothermic reaction can, optionally, first be used to generate electricity, wherein the heat remaining after generating electricity is used to thermally regenerate the chemical absorbent.

The invention relates to a process for the catalytic cracking of a gasoline feedstock for the production of light olefins, in which said gasoline feedstock is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite NU-86, alone or in a mixture with at least one other zeolite, at a temperature comprised between 500 and 700 C., at an absolute pressure comprised between 10 and 60 MPa, and with a contact time of the feedstock on said catalyst comprised between 10 milliseconds and 100 seconds.

A zero-emission, closed-loop and hybrid solar-produced syngas power cycle is introduced utilizing an oxygen transport reactor (OTR). The fuel is syngas produced within the cycle. The separated oxygen inside the OTR through the ion transport membrane (ITM) is used in the syngas-oxygen combustion process in the permeate side of the OTR. The combustion products in the permeate side of the OTR are CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O. The combustion gases are used in a turbine for power production and energy utilization then a condenser is used to separate H.sub.2O from CO.sub.2. CO.sub.2 is compressed to the feed side of the OTR. H.sub.2O is evaporated after separation from CO.sub.2 and fed to the feed side of the OTR.