Disclosed are processes for extracting deasphalted crude oil from oil sand. Deasphalted crude oil can be extracted using a hydrocarbon recycle solvent stream having specified Hansen blend parameters, with the oil sand being contacted with the hydrocarbon recycle solvent stream in a contact zone of a vessel to separate not greater than 80 wt % of the bitumen present on the oil sand. The separated bitumen is considered a deasphalted crude oil stream, since it has an asphaltenes content substantially lower than that of the total bitumen initially present on the oil sand. The deasphalted crude oil stream can be treated using a hydrotreating catalyst or catalytic cracking catalyst to produce transportation fuel.

A process and an apparatus are disclosed for a compact processing assembly to remove C.sub.5 and heavier hydrocarbon components from a hydrocarbon gas stream. The hydrocarbon gas stream is expanded to lower pressure and supplied to the processing assembly between an absorbing means and a mass transfer means. A distillation vapor stream is collected from the upper region of the absorbing means and cooled in a first heat and mass transfer means inside the processing assembly to partially condense it, forming a residual vapor stream and a condensed stream. The condensed stream is supplied to the absorbing means at its top feed point. A distillation liquid stream is collected from the lower region of the mass transfer means and directed into a second heat and mass transfer means inside the processing assembly to heat it and strip out its volatile components.

Provided is a hydrogen production apparatus enabling reduction of energy needed for separation and collection of CO.sub.2 in the hydrogen production. The hydrogen production apparatus includes a reformer, a heating device heating the reformer, a transformer, a hydrogen separation device separating and taking out hydrogen from transformed gas, a CO.sub.2 separation device separating and taking out CO.sub.2 from off-gas from which hydrogen was separated by the hydrogen separation device, a heat collecting device collecting heat of the reformed gas, heat of the transformed gas, and waste heat from the heating device, and a heat medium supply device supplying the heat medium having absorbed heat collected by the heat collecting device to the CO.sub.2 separation device. The absorption liquid having absorbed CO.sub.2 in off-gas is heated by the heat medium heated with collected heat, thereby releasing CO.sub.2.

Methods are described for the production of a hydrocarbon product and selective rejection of low quality hydrocarbons from a bitumen-containing material, where product quality, production yield, processing input requirements, and environmental benefits are assessed for selecting a candidate method for deployment. The methods facilitate selection and deployment of sustainable hydrocarbon production operations rather than focusing on maximizing volumetric yield of hydrocarbons.

A process for recovering oil and gas from an underground formation by injecting an ammonia containing enhanced oil recovery formulation into the oil-bearing formation, which process comprises (i) reacting steam with methane containing gas, (ii) combining the reaction mixture obtained with further steam, (iii) removing carbon dioxide to obtain hydrogen, (iv) reacting at least part of the hydrogen with nitrogen, (v) separating off ammonia, (vi) mixing ammonia with water and injecting it into the underground formation, (vii) recovering oil and gas, (viii) separating methane from the fluid recovered from the recovery well, (ix) removing sulfur compounds, and (ix) using in step (i) the methane obtained in step (viii).

A method for synthesizing cyclic hydrocarbons with linear hydrocarbon side chains from a renewable source, or biomass by naturally occurring or bioengineered fungal strains, or hydrodistillation of plants.

The present invention is directed to modifications of bitumen and heavy oil upgrading and refining processes to synthesize synthetic crude oil and other valuable synthesized hydrocarbon products in an efficient manner along with the production of commercially valuable co-products from by-products formed by the upgrading process.

The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (“wt %”) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least about 98 wt % C.sub.7-C.sub.12 n-paraffins, where at least about 10 wt % of composition includes n-decane, at least about 20 wt % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least about 75 wt % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less about 0.1 wt % oxygenates and less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.

A system and method for the simultaneous sequestration of CO2, production of hydrogen, and production of electricity at any iron and steel industries is described. In one illustrative example, the raw materials particularly used in a blast furnace can also be used for locking CO2 gas in the form of siderite. Siderite, thus formed, can be decomposed to generate pure CO2 gas. Eventually, the generated pure CO2 gas can be sequestered underground, sold or used for oil gas recovery or for other applications.

The invention relates to a method for separating off and immobilizing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide from an exhaust gas (18). In the method, a stoichiometric ratio of carbon dioxide to hydrogen, and/or of carbon monoxide to hydrogen, which is suitable for a methanation reaction is set by virtue of a corresponding quantity of hydrogen or alternatively carbon dioxide and/or possibly carbon monoxide being supplied, with an auxiliary gas (24), to the exhaust gas (18). Subsequently, a catalytic reaction is performed in which, as starting products, carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into methane and water. The methane is separated off from the product of the catalytic reaction and is subsequently split into carbon and hydrogen, wherein the carbon takes solid form. The split-off carbon is collected and disposed of.