A light engine that produces UVA1 light, but not UVA2 or UVB radiation, that will provide a human or animal subject a beneficial application of artificial UVA1 light without the deleterious effect of the UVA2 and UVB light. Methods of providing UVA1 light to the human or animal subject over various periods of time provide positive treatments that can reduce stress, reduce anxiety, increase a pain threshold, and induce interferon production. Exposure to UVA1 wavelength light (360-400 nm) provides a positive effect on both humans and animals. This is especially true when the humans or animals do not receive UVB and UVA2 at the time that the UVA1 light is received, and the ratio of UVA1 light to (UVA1 light+visible light) is greater than 10%.

Vapor wake detection is a highly advantageous method and system for detecting explosives and other illicit substances. With vapor wake detection, a canine and a handler are used; however, unlike other detection schemes, the canine leads the handler. After the handler positions the canine in a desired location, the canine detects scents in the air that come to the canine. When the canine detects a trained scent, the canine leads the handler to or follows behind the carrier of the item with the scent. Once the carrier is identified by the handler, the proper personnel are contacted. To implement vapor wake detection effectively, specific rigorous training is utilized.

Vapor wake detection is a highly advantageous method and system for detecting explosives and other illicit substances. With vapor wake detection, a canine and a handler are used; however, unlike other detection schemes, the canine leads the handler. After the handler positions the canine in a desired location, the canine detects scents in the air that come to the canine. When the canine detects a trained scent, the canine leads the handler to or follows behind the carrier of the item with the scent. Once the carrier is identified by the handler, the proper personnel are contacted. To implement vapor wake detection effectively, specific rigorous training is utilized.

A base of an animal training includes a dispenser that comprises a storage compartment configured to store rewards and to dispense rewards, a base signaling module configured to generate a reward signal, and a base wireless module configured to receive a dispense signal. A first target is detached from the base at a first target location at a first fixed distance from the base. The first target comprises a first target signaling module, a first sensor, and a first target wireless module. A second target is disposed at a second location, wherein the second location is a fixed distance from the base and comprises a second target signaling module, a second sensor, and a second target wireless module. The base further comprises a system configuration module, the system configuration module configured to access and modify configuration information of the dispenser, the first target, and the second target.

A system and method for treating pets, the system comprising: a content provider to provide video and audio content adapted for treating a pet; a video and audio output device for playing the video and audio content; and a feedback interface for providing indications to the content provider about behavior of the pet, wherein the content provider is to adapt the provided content according to the received indications. The method comprising playing video and audio content by a video and audio out-put device, the content comprising: an image adapted for treating a pet; and a sound adapted for treating a pet; receiving indications about behavior of the pet; and adapting the played content according to the received indications.

A system and method for treating pets, the system comprising: a content provider to provide video and audio content adapted for treating a pet; a video and audio output device for playing the video and audio content; and a feedback interface for providing indications to the content provider about behavior of the pet, wherein the content provider is to adapt the provided content according to the received indications. The method comprising playing video and audio content by a video and audio out-put device, the content comprising: an image adapted for treating a pet; and a sound adapted for treating a pet; receiving indications about behavior of the pet; and adapting the played content according to the received indications.

A modular pet recreational assembly includes at least a frame, which may include a first frame having a first vertical wall and a second vertical wall opposite the first vertical wall. Multifunctional support dowels may connect first vertical wall to second vertical wall. One or more shelves may protrude beyond first vertical wall and second vertical wall. A sheet of flexible material may be incorporated, with a first end secured to the at least a frame and a second end secured to the at least a frame. The sheet of flexible material, shelf, and/or first or second vertical wall may have one or more openings sized to permit passage of a small animal such as a cat.

An animal snare includes an elongated barrel and first and second carriages slidably supported on the barrel. The first and second carriages are interconnected by a cord. A snare extends out the first end of the barrel and has at least one end affixed to the second carriage. An elastic member is releasably connected to the first carriage and is configured to bias the first carriage toward a fired position. The elastic member is in tension when the first carriage is in a cocked position. A trigger assembly is configured to retain the first carriage in the cocked position against the tension of the elastic member. Actuation of the trigger assembly causes release of the first carriage and permits the first carriage to travel along the barrel toward the first end to the fired position as the tension in the elastic member is released to draw the snare.

An improved lunging tool utilized to train animals, such as horses. The lunging tool includes a stiffening component inserted into an internal pocket of the body. The lunging tool is configured to attach to a harness or halter on one end and a lunging line or rope on the other end to enable a trainer to lead the animal by both pushing and pulling on the animal. The length of the stiffening component of the improved lunging tool prevents entanglement with the animal's legs if the trainer drops the improved lunging tool.

Animal retention apparatus, and method and applications thereof, having multiple support guides and a frame member with multiple passageways, the support guides being adapted for being inserted into the passageways and removably held at desired locations in the frame member, horizontally or at various angles to enhance retention of the animal, so that support guide would come in adjacent contact with an animal's anatomy to hold the animal in a desired position as the animal is positioned alongside the frame member. A method of working on an animal involves obtaining an embodiment of the animal retention apparatus and positioning the animal alongside a side of the frame member, placing support guides at height and width locations in the apparatus frame member that will hold the animal in a desired position, and working on sides of the animal that face away from the side of the frame member.