A reaction apparatus, comprising: a reaction kettle (1); a circulation loop, comprising a circulation pipeline (2) and a circulator pump (4) provided on the circulation pipeline (2), a discharging end of the circulator pump (4) being communicated with the top of the reaction kettle (1) by means of a circulation valve (3) and a charging end of the circulator pump (4) being communicated with the bottom of the reaction kettle (1) by means of a block valve (9); a feeding loop, comprising a feeding pipeline (7) and a bypass pipeline (5), the feeding pipeline (7) being provided between the block valve (9) and the circulator pump (4) and being communicated with the circulation pipeline (2), the bypass pipeline (5) being provided with a control valve (6), and one end of the bypass pipeline (5) being communicated with the discharging end of the circulator pump (3) and the other end thereof being communicated with the bottom of the reaction kettle (1); and a discharging loop, comprising a discharging pipeline (10) provided between the circulator pump (4) and the circulation valve (3) and communicated with the circulation pipeline (2), the discharging pipeline (10) being provided with a discharging valve (11).

Adsorbents of varying types and forms are described, as usefully employed in gas supply packages that include a gas storage and dispensing vessel holding such adsorbent for storage of sorbate gas thereon, and a gas dispensing assembly secured to the vessel for discharging the sorbate gas from the gas supply package under dispensing conditions thereof. Corresponding gas supply packages are likewise described, and various methods of processing the adsorbent, and manufacturing the gas supply packages.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a chemical reaction which creates a product, wherein at least one reactant that is present in a liquid phase is subjected to a pressure change.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a chemical reaction which creates a product, wherein at least one reactant that is present in a liquid phase is subjected to a pressure change.

A reaction apparatus, comprising: a reaction kettle; a circulation loop, comprising a circulation pipeline and a circulator pump provided on the circulation pipeline, a discharging end of the circulator pump being communicated with the top of the reaction kettle by means of a circulation valve and a charging end of the circulator pump being communicated with the bottom of the reaction kettle by means of a block valve; a feeding loop, comprising a feeding pipeline and a bypass pipeline, the feeding pipeline being provided between the block valve and the circulator pump and being communicated with the circulation pipeline, the bypass pipeline being provided with a control valve, and one end of the bypass pipeline being communicated with the discharging end of the circulator pump and the other end thereof being communicated with the bottom of the reaction kettle; and a discharging loop, comprising a discharging pipeline provided between the circulator pump and the circulation valve and communicated with the circulation pipeline, the discharging pipeline being provided with a discharging valve.

The present invention deals with activation and start-up procedures of catalysts for the deep HDS of middle distillates for producing ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD), consisting of two in situ activation stages: at stage 1, TGA is applied, and at stage 2, DMDS is used; kerosene is the transport means at these stages, which are carried out under given temperature and pressure conditions, and feedstock and hydrogen flows at established times. After the activation of the catalyst in situ, the stabilization stage takes place under selected temperature and pressure conditions, feedstock and hydrogen flow at established times, with which the stabilization of the highly dispersed metallic sulfides is achieved and, in this way, the activity of the catalysts removing contaminants for the production of ULSD is increased.

The present invention generally relates to a microwave-assisted pyrolysis system comprised of a microwave chamber body (102); a black carbon platform (104) disposed inside the microwave chamber body for irradiating microwave radiation and absorbing microwave energy; a quartz microwave reactor (106) placed on the black carbon platform for receiving chemical precursor(s) and applying microwave irradiation for absorption of microwave energy thereby heating the black carbon platform for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of the received chemical precursor(s); a cooling unit (108) employed for regulating and maintaining a user-defined temperature level upon detecting the temperature inside the microwave reactor using a temperature sensor (110), if the temperature exceeds the optimum level, wherein the optimum temperature is defined on the type of precursors undergoing pyrolysis; and wherein if the heating temperature is raised extremely high, the cooling unit inside the microwave machine gets activated to bring down the temperature to the user-defined level.

Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a chromium-containing catalyst with a reduced amount of chromium-(VI)-oxide which process comprises the steps: a) preparing a solid particulate chromium-containing oxidic catalyst comprising Cr-(VD-oxide, b) introducing the solid particulate catalyst into a reactor in which the catalyst particles are mixed using process gas and/or mechanical means, c) introducing a reducing agent for chromium-(VI) into the reactor, d) treating the solid particulate catalyst with the reducing agent in the reactor for a time, at a temperature and at a pressure, so that the chromium-(VI) content in the particulate catalyst is considerably reduced by the reducing agent, and e) discharging the solid particulate catalyst comprising a reduced chromium-(VI) content from the reactor. The disclosed process is simple and efficient and allows manufacture of chromium-containing oxidic catalysts with low content of Cr-(VI)-oxide on an industrial scale.

A process including introducing, into a device, an aqueous fluid containing at least one inorganic salt, the water of the aqueous fluid being in supercritical conditions or close to the supercritical range in the device, and measuring the concentration or the amount of inorganic salt in the device, this measurement preferably being carried out before the entry of the inorganic salt into the device, Then bringing the inorganic salt into contact with an aqueous flow containing at least one hydroxide salt to obtain in the device an aqueous fluid mixture containing an inorganic salt and a hydroxide salt and adjusting the concentration or amount of the hydroxide salt as a function of the concentration or amount of the inorganic salt needed to at least partially solubilize the inorganic salt. Preferably the measurement of the concentration or the amount of inorganic salt leaving the device is also performed.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a chemical reaction which creates a product, wherein at least one reactant that is present in a liquid phase is subjected to a pressure change.