A catalyst that is used in a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction or gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction of propane or isobutane, in which the catalyst contains catalyst particles each having a composite metal oxide and a support that supports the composite metal oxide, the catalyst particles have a median diameter of 20 m or more and 150 m or less, a shape of the catalyst particle is spherical, and in a binarization processed image BP.sub.2 obtained by performing a binarization process for classifying regions into a predetermined white region and a predetermined black region on a cross-sectional image showing the catalyst particles and having an area of 1200 m.sup.2 or more obtained by predetermined SEM backscattered electron image observation, /A that is calculated by a predetermined method satisfies 0.10 or more and 0.30 or less.

A silica-alumina powder, a method for producing the same, and a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst including this silica-alumina powder are provided. The silica-alumina powder contains SiO.sub.2 within a predetermined range, has a specific surface area within a predetermined range, and has a pore volume and an acid amount within predetermined ranges. An alumina raw material includes one of boehmite, pseudo-boehmite, and mainly amorphous alumina gel. The method for producing the silica-alumina powder includes a step of mixing an aqueous solution including alumina hydrate and an aqueous solution containing a silica precursor to prepare an aqueous solution including a silica-alumina precursor; a step of adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution to be within a predetermined range, and then heat-treating the aqueous solution; and a step of cooling the aqueous solution or silica-alumina slurry, then separating and washing a solid, and then drying or further calcining the solid.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts having porosity and accessibility controlled by the activity of water-soluble porogens. The catalyst produced can be used as an additive for fluid cracking, as additives for SOx and NOx reduction, as a combustion promoter and reduction of sulfur in cracked naphtha. It can also be used in hydrocracking, as a support for hydrotreating catalysts, catalytic pyrolysis of post-consumer polymers (rubber tires, plastic films, and so on) and pyrolysis of biomass.

A method for producing a compound represented by the following Formula (II), the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by the following Formula (I) to heat treatment in the presence of an organic sulfonic acid and an inorganic oxide solid to obtain the compound represented by the following Formula (II), wherein a Hammett acidity function of the inorganic oxide solid is more than ?12.0:

##STR00001##

wherein R each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group,

##STR00002##

wherein R has the same meaning as R in Formula (I).

A catalyst comprising a barium niobate-based cubic perovskite structure where, Mg and Ca has been used to dope the niobium sites along with Fe, Ni, Co, Y, and Pr.

The present invention relates to a preparation process for a Cu-based catalyst and use of the Cu-based catalyst as the dehydrogenation catalyst in producing a hydroxyketone compound such as acetoin. Said Cu-based catalyst shows a high the acetoin selectivity as the dehydrogenation catalyst for producing acetoin.

An iridium-ruthenium-based oxide anode catalyst for water electrolysis includes a heterostructure within the particles, different phases within the particles being adjacent to each other, and the different phases within the particles consist of iridium and ruthenium, the catalyst is synthesized using metal sulfides (MxS) as precursors, and the catalyst is characterized by the introduction of transition metal elements as dopants.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

A metatitanic acid particle includes a metal compound having a titanium metal atom and a carbon atom, and being bonded to a surface of the particle via an oxygen atom, wherein an element ratio (C/Ti) between carbon and titanium on the surface is in a range of 0.2 to 1.1 and the metatitanic acid particle has an absorption at a wavelength of each of 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum.

A photocatalyst in the form of chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi.sub.2S.sub.3ZnS is disclosed. Additionally, methods for producing the chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi.sub.2S.sub.3ZnS with controlled morphology, as well as methods for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen gas under visible light irradiation employing the chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi.sub.2S.sub.3ZnS are disclosed.