There is provided a method of coating a substrate comprising applying a first mixture where the first mixture reacts to form covalent bonds to the substrate surface and where the unreacted parts of the first mixture undergo diffusive mixing with a second layer, which is applied on top of the first mixture. This avoids creation of a weak layer, which may otherwise give lower adhesion. The adhesion as well as mechanical properties including the scratch resistance are improved.

A vehicle comprises a first paint film that is formed on a first section of a vehicle body and is later peelable; and a second paint film that is formed on a second section and is not continuous with the first paint film, the second section being invisible from the outside of the vehicle body.

The present disclosure is directed to a method for applying a multi-colored coating to a composite structure comprising applying a first co-curable film layer comprising a first color marking to a composite tool, applying a second co-curable film layer comprising a second color marking over the composite tool and at least partially over the first co-curable film layer to create a lay-up of a multi-colored marking, applying a composite structure over the lay-up of the multi-colored marking, and curing the lay-up of the multi-colored marking and the composite structure in a single curing step to create a cured multi-colored coating on the composite structure. A multi-colored coating for marking a composite structure and an aircraft part having a multi-colored marking are also provided.

A radiator according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises at least one group of heat dissipation layers that are applied to the surface of the radiator so as to be sequentially layered thereon, wherein the one group of heat dissipation layer comprises a first coating layer formed by applying either a first dispersion solution or a second dispersion solution, and a second coating layer formed by applying the dispersion solution differing from that on the first coating layer, the first dispersion solution comprises positively charged metal oxide nanoparticles, and the second dispersion solution comprises negatively charged carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH). The heat dissipation layer is formed in a porous thin film structure so as to have thickness of several micrometers, and thus increases a heat dissipation area by ten times, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency, and can be applied without being restricted by the size, volume, shape, arrangement and the like of a radiator.

The present invention provides multilayer coated substrates, prepared using primer and/or sealer compositions comprising waterborne curable film-forming compositions, in turn comprising: a) an aqueous dispersion of a pigment and i) polymeric urethane-shell particles having a care-shell morphology and having hydroxyl functional groups, wherein the core is prepared from a monomer mixture comprising hydrophobic, ethylenically unsaturated monomers and the shell comprises a polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymer; or ii) polymeric acrylic-shell particles having a core-shell morphology and having hydroxyl functional groups, wherein the core is prepared from a monomer mixture comprising hydrophobic, ethylenically unsaturated monomers and the shell is prepared from a monomer mixture comprising hydrophilic, ethylenically unsaturated monomers; b) a polyisocyanate crosslinking agent; and optionally c) a hydroxyl functional, water dispersible acrylic polymer.

An interbody spinal cage comprising: a body portion comprising a superior side, an inferior side and at least one lateral side connecting the superior side and the inferior side; and at least one endplate portion coupled to the superior side or the inferior side of the body portion, the at least one endplate portion comprising a unibody structure and operable to be fixedly coupled to an anatomical structure of a patient and decoupled from the superior side or the inferior side of the body portion.

The present invention relates to a copolymer (A) having a glass transition temperature T.sub.g of at least −30° C. obtainable by copolymerization of a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers (a) in at least one organic solvent and in the presence of at least one initiator, where the mixture of monomers (a) to be polymerized comprises (a1) 10 to 60 mol % of at least one monomer of the formula (I) below

##STR00001## where R.sub.1=C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.2=C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and m=0 to 2, and (a2) 40 to 90 mol % of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers of the formulae H.sub.2C═CH.sub.2—(C═O)—O—R.sub.x, H.sub.2C═CH(CH.sub.3)—(C═O)—O—R.sub.x, and H.sub.2C═CH.sub.2—O—(C═O)—R.sub.x, where R.sub.x is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
and where the sum total of the molar fractions of the monomers (a1) and (a2), based on the total molar amount of monomers (a) used, is at least 90 mol %, and where the copolymerization is carried out at a temperature from 60 to 200° C. and at a pressure of at least 2 bar.

A cover window includes a plastic layer and a first hard coating layer disposed on an upper surface of the plastic layer. An edge of the cover window includes a vertical side part perpendicular to the upper surface of the plastic layer. A first inclination part is connected to the vertical side part and is inclined with respect to the vertical side part. The vertical side part and the first inclination part include a mechanical processing trace. An edge of the first hard coating layer adjacent to the first inclination part includes a laser processing trace.

Provided are hollow particles which are more excellent in heat resistance and dispersibility than ever before and which are lightweight. The hollow particles containing hollow resin particles having a surface covered with inorganic fine particles, wherein a volume average particle diameter of the hollow particles is from 0.1 μm to 9.0 μm, and a void ratio thereof is from 55% to 95%; wherein a repeating unit constituting the resin of the hollow resin particles contains a crosslinkable monomer unit, and a content of the crosslinkable monomer unit is from 25 to 100 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin; wherein a primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is from 10 nm to 120 nm; and wherein the inorganic fine particles are contained at from 5 to 180 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hollow resin particles.

Nanostructured coating materials, methods of their production, and methods of use in a variety of applications are described. The nanostructured materials described herein include one or more 2.sup.+ and/or 3.sup.+ metal ion(s), optionally in a ternary phase, on a substrate.