A breakout prediction method includes: a step of inputting a dimension of a solid product withdrawn from a mold in a continuous casting machine; a step of detecting a temperature of the mold by a plurality of thermometers embedded in the mold; a step of executing interpolation processing on the detected temperatures detected by the plurality of thermometers according to the dimension of the solid product; a step of calculating, based on the temperatures calculated by executing the interpolation processing, a component in a direction orthogonal to an influence coefficient vector obtained by principal component analysis as a degree of deviation from during a normal operation in which a breakout has not occurred; and a step of predicting a breakout based on the degree of deviation.

A breakout prediction method includes: a step of inputting a dimension of a solid product withdrawn from a mold in a continuous casting machine; a step of detecting a temperature of the mold by a plurality of thermometers embedded in the mold; a step of executing interpolation processing on the detected temperatures detected by the plurality of thermometers according to the dimension of the solid product; a step of calculating, based on the temperatures calculated by executing the interpolation processing, a component in a direction orthogonal to an influence coefficient vector obtained by principal component analysis as a degree of deviation from during a normal operation in which a breakout has not occurred; and a step of predicting a breakout based on the degree of deviation.

Provided is a method of, in ladle refining treatment of a molten steel, accurately estimating the molten steel temperature after the ladle refining treatment. An operation method of ladle refining treatment by which ladle refining treatment of a molten steel is performed while continuously measuring a molten steel temperature during operation of the ladle refining treatment of the molten steel comprises setting a time earlier than a scheduled ending time of the ladle refining treatment in a continuous measurement period of the molten steel temperature as a determination timing, and estimating the molten steel temperature at the scheduled ending time on the basis of a change with time of the molten steel temperature in continuous measured data of the molten steel temperature from a start of continuous measurement of the molten steel temperature to the determination timing.

The disclosure includes a temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method for measuring the temperature of molten metals. The temperature measuring device includes a temperature sensing element, a support tube, a connecting tube and an exhaust structure. The temperature sensing element is a cermet tube with a closed end and an open end, and can sense the temperature of a molten metal and emit stable thermal radiation energy based on the blackbody cavity principle when being extended into the molten metal. The open end of the cermet tube is fixedly connected to one end of the support tube, the cermet tube is communicated with the support tube, and the other end of the support tube is fixedly connected with the connecting tube. The exhaust structure is used to discharge the smoke inside the cermet tube and the support tube.

This method for balancing a flow of liquid steel into a casting mold, in which the steel is introduced into the casting mold from a tundish through a protective nozzle which opens below the steel level into the casting mold, comprises the following steps: a) acquiring a set of characteristics of the flow in the casting mold, b) comparing the flow characteristics acquired in the previous step with a predefined model and determining the adjustment actions to take in order to balance the flow, and c) adjusting the flow.

The furnace system for controlling of individual temperature through selectively radiating of electromagnetic waves according to the present invention comprises: a heating body unit for heating a melt to a predetermined temperature; a heating sensing unit for selectively measuring the internal temperature of the heating body unit to calculate predetermined temperature information; a heating cover unit that selectively covers the heating body unit to prevent a predetermined heat from being diffused to the outside so that the melt maintains a predetermined temperature; and a radiating unit receiving the predetermined temperature information from the heating sensing unit and selectively irradiating a predetermined electromagnetic wave so that the melt becomes the predetermined temperature.

The present invention relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron, the sampler comprising: a carrier tube having an immersion end; and a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises: an immersion end having a first opening for an inflow conduit and an opposing end having a second opening for a gas coupler, a first face extending between the immersion end and the opposing end, the first face having a first depression proximate the immersion end and a second depression, the first depression being an analysis zone and the second depression being a ventilation zone, a portion of the analysis zone overlying a distribution zone which is in direct flow communication with the first opening and configured to receive the molten steel from the inflow conduit, wherein the first depression having a cross sectional circle segment profile along a central longitudinal axis that is concavely or triangularly shaped, wherein the cover plate and the housing are configured to be assembled together to form a sample cavity including the distribution zone, the analysis zone and the ventilation zone, such that an analysis surface of a solidified steel sample formed within the sample cavity lies in a first plane, and wherein the first and second openings are spaced apart from the first plane. The invention also relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron, the sampler comprising: a carrier tube having an immersion end; a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the cover plate comprising a sealing member configured to provide a substantially gas tight seal between the cover plate and the housing, wherein the sealing member consist of an essentially non-contaminating material for the samples in the sample chamber.

The present invention relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron, the sampler comprising: a carrier tube having an immersion end; and a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises: an immersion end having a first opening for an inflow conduit and an opposing end having a second opening for a gas coupler, a first face extending between the immersion end and the opposing end, the first face having a first depression proximate the immersion end and a second depression, the first depression being an analysis zone and the second depression being a ventilation zone, a portion of the analysis zone overlying a distribution zone which is in direct flow communication with the first opening and configured to receive the molten steel from the inflow conduit, wherein the first depression having a cross sectional circle segment profile along a central longitudinal axis that is concavely or triangularly shaped, wherein the cover plate and the housing are configured to be assembled together to form a sample cavity including the distribution zone, the analysis zone and the ventilation zone, such that an analysis surface of a solidified steel sample formed within the sample cavity lies in a first plane, and wherein the first and second openings are spaced apart from the first plane. The invention also relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron, the sampler comprising: a carrier tube having an immersion end; a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the cover plate comprising a sealing member configured to provide a substantially gas tight seal between the cover plate and the housing, wherein the sealing member consist of an essentially non-contaminating material for the samples in the sample chamber.

An immersion sensor is configured to determine the content of a chemical element in molten metal. The immersion sensor has an auxiliary electrochemical cell extending from an interior surface into the internal volume of a sampling chamber. The sampling chamber can be integrally-formed in a sensor head or in a separate refractory structure. The immersion sensor may be configured for the flow of molten metal into the internal volume of the sampling chamber and into contact with the auxiliary electrochemical cell.

An immersion sensor is configured to determine the content of a chemical element in molten metal. The immersion sensor has an auxiliary electrochemical cell extending from an interior surface into the internal volume of a sampling chamber. The sampling chamber can be integrally-formed in a sensor head or in a separate refractory structure. The immersion sensor may be configured for the flow of molten metal into the internal volume of the sampling chamber and into contact with the auxiliary electrochemical cell.