An insert including a taper is covered with a molten metal. A metal molded product with the insert joined thereto is generated by semi-cooling the molten metal to a press-fitting temperature which is higher than a recrystallization temperature of the molten metal and lower than a melting point of the molten metal. A fitting hole which is filled with the insert is formed in the metal molded product. The taper is fitted into the fitting hole. An undercut is not formed in front of a tip of the taper. The insert is press-fitted into the fitting hole while pressing and extending the fitting hole with the taper in a thinning direction of the taper at a press-fitting temperature. The metal molded product is further cooled with the press-fitting maintained.

An insert including a taper is covered with a molten metal. A metal molded product with the insert joined thereto is generated by semi-cooling the molten metal to a press-fitting temperature which is higher than a recrystallization temperature of the molten metal and lower than a melting point of the molten metal. A fitting hole which is filled with the insert is formed in the metal molded product. The taper is fitted into the fitting hole. An undercut is not formed in front of a tip of the taper. The insert is press-fitted into the fitting hole while pressing and extending the fitting hole with the taper in a thinning direction of the taper at a press-fitting temperature. The metal molded product is further cooled with the press-fitting maintained.

A system and method of increasing a cooling rate of a metal sand casting during solidification. The system includes a 3-D printed manufactured sand mold defining a mold cavity, a coolant inlet port extending into the manufactured sand mold, a myriad of coolant passageways surrounding a portion of the mold cavity, and a coolant outlet port in fluid communication with the coolant passageways. The system further includes a coolant vapor extraction system having a collection manifold in fluid connection with the outlet port of the sand mold. A molten metal is poured into the mold cavity and a liquid coolant is introduced into the sand mold. The liquid coolant changes state into a gas phase as it permeates through the sand mold, thereby increasing the cooling rate of the casting. The liquid coolant may be that of a liquid nitrogen.

A system and method of increasing a cooling rate of a metal sand casting during solidification. The system includes a 3-D printed manufactured sand mold defining a mold cavity, a coolant inlet port extending into the manufactured sand mold, a myriad of coolant passageways surrounding a portion of the mold cavity, and a coolant outlet port in fluid communication with the coolant passageways. The system further includes a coolant vapor extraction system having a collection manifold in fluid connection with the outlet port of the sand mold. A molten metal is poured into the mold cavity and a liquid coolant is introduced into the sand mold. The liquid coolant changes state into a gas phase as it permeates through the sand mold, thereby increasing the cooling rate of the casting. The liquid coolant may be that of a liquid nitrogen.

The method can include: using a mold, casting an encapsulation onto a workpiece including solidifying the encapsulation around the workpiece in the mold and extracting the encapsulation from the mold, and cooling the extracted encapsulation using a vortex tube.

The method can include: using a mold, casting an encapsulation onto a workpiece including solidifying the encapsulation around the workpiece in the mold and extracting the encapsulation from the mold, and cooling the extracted encapsulation using a vortex tube.

A casting and outputting system is provided. The system includes a casting machine, a disc body, a transfer device, a special fixture, a cooling tank, a collection device and a waste plate rack. The transfer device is configured to drive the special fixture to take out anode plates cast on the disc body, place a qualified one of the anode plates in the cooling tank, place an unqualified one of the anode plates on the waste plate rack, lift the anode plate cooled in the cooling tank, and place the cooled anode plate on the collection device for stacking.

A cast steel alloy for an engine of a vehicle is provided. The cast steel alloy comprises 0.29 to 0.65 weight percent (wt %) carbon, 0.40 to 0.80 wt % silicon, 0.6 to 1.5 wt % manganese, up to 0.03 wt % phosphorus, 0.04 to 0.07 wt % sulfur, 0.8 to 1.4 wt % chromium, 0.2 to 0.6 wt % nickel, 0.15 to 0.55 wt % molybdenum, 0.25 to 2.0 wt % copper, up to 0.03 wt % titanium, 0.07 to 0.17 wt % vanadium, 0.02 to 0.06 wt % aluminum, up to 0.03 wt % nitrogen (N), and 0.01 to 0.06 wt % of at least one of cerium (Ce) and lanthanum. The cast steel alloy has unexpected and unconventional results such as reduced ferrite and enhanced strengths.

Exemplary semiconductor processing chamber showerheads include an inner core region. The inner core region may define a plurality of apertures. The showerheads may include an outer core region disposed about an outer periphery of the inner core region. The outer core region may define an annular channel. The showerheads may include a heating element disposed within the annular channel. The showerheads may include an annular liner disposed about an outer periphery of the outer core region. The inner core region and the outer core region may include an aluminum alloy. The annular liner may have a lower thermal conductivity than the aluminum alloy.

Exemplary semiconductor processing chamber showerheads include an inner core region. The inner core region may define a plurality of apertures. The showerheads may include an outer core region disposed about an outer periphery of the inner core region. The outer core region may define an annular channel. The showerheads may include a heating element disposed within the annular channel. The showerheads may include an annular liner disposed about an outer periphery of the outer core region. The inner core region and the outer core region may include an aluminum alloy. The annular liner may have a lower thermal conductivity than the aluminum alloy.