In accordance with a broad embodiment of the invention, a novel paper product is comprised of two or more slit sheet packing material layers, each layer having its own slit pattern design to create interlocking layers of expansion sheet packaging materials. Each layer expands to create a three dimensional open netting of cells of hexagons, and the like, and is designed to have limited nesting with its opposing layer, thereby maximizing the thickness of the combined layers as compared to nested layers. Adjacent layers have differing slit patterns and can be expanded through expander type machinery such that the expansion rates of the differing slit pattern layers can be varied to deliver the same width of exiting expanded material from each layer. Preferably the differing slit pattern produce when expanded, inclined land areas that have the same number of rows per inch, but different angles of inclination of the land areas, such that adjacent layers can interlock, that is, have a restricted amount of nesting.

This invention relates to the improvements in cat clawing/scratching pads and the like—providing the user with a means to convert cardboard into renewed cat scratching surfaces. This cat scratching system enables the guided cutting of user-supplied cardboard into strips and subsequent filing of those strips into a shell in such a way that exposed strips serve as a cat scratching surface. After wear or destruction of filed cardboard strips through cat scratching, clawing, pulling, tearing, or general degradation (e.g., accumulation of cat hair) cardboard can be removed from the cat scratching system. The process of cutting cardboard strips and storing is repeated to enable renewal of the cat scratching surfaces from the user's cardboard source of choice (e.g., repurpose corrugated cardboard commonly found in delivered packages).

The present disclosure relates to a recyclable, padded paper mailer that is water resistant, heat sealable, and provides padded protection. The mailers in accordance with this disclosure find utility as padded mailing envelopes such as e-commerce mailers, bubble packaging pillows, or any other protective shipping packaging.

An assembly comprises a device for producing a corrugated board web laminated on one side comprising a fluting device for fluting a first material web and a pressing device for pressing the glued corrugated web and a second material web against one another. The assembly comprises a first transverse position detecting device, upstream the fluting device, for detecting the first material web, a second transverse position detecting device, upstream the pressing device, for detecting the second material web and a signal processing unit, which is capable of actuating a unrolling device for unrolling the second material web so that in the device for producing a corrugated board web it is transversally displaced correspondingly.

An apparatus for construction of a stringer of a pallet is disclosed herein. In various aspects, the apparatus includes a corrugate sheet (30) cut to form a stringer shape sheet (32) with the stringer shape sheet (32) having a plurality of parallel stringer sections (33) defined by cuts from an upper surface through a lower surface of the stringer shape sheet (32). Each stringer section (33) on the stringer shape sheet (32) may be linked to an adjacent stringer section (33) by a plurality of shear bridges (34).

Provided are nanoporous silicon nitride membranes and methods of making such membranes. The membranes can be part of a monolithic structure or free-standing. The membranes can be made by transfer of the nanoporous structure of a nanoporous silicon or silicon oxide film by, for example, reactive ion etching. The membranes can be used in, for example, filtration applications, hemodialysis applications, hemodialysis devices, laboratory separation devices, multi-well cell culture devices, electronic biosensors, optical biosensors, active pre-concentration filters for microfluidic devices.

A method of making a nanoporous structure comprising a matrix and at least one nanosized pore within the matrix, wherein the method comprises contacting at least a portion of a templated matrix with an acid solution, wherein the templated matrix comprises a matrix that selected from the group consisting of an organic polymer, a sol-based ceramic, an inorganic salt, an organoaluminate, and combinations thereof, and one or more nanosized templates within the matrix, wherein each nanosized template comprises a core that comprises an inorganic oxide, to dissolve at least a portion of the inorganic oxide of at least one of the cores and form the at least one nanosized pore within the matrix thereby forming the nanoporous structure.

Various implementations and embodiments relate to three-dimensional open cellular diamond micro-truss structures and methods.

In accordance with a broad embodiment of the invention, a novel paper product is comprised of two or more slit sheet packing material layers, each layer having its own slit pattern design to create interlocking layers of expansion sheet packaging materials. Each layer expands to create a three dimensional open netting of cells of hexagons, and the like, and is designed to have limited nesting with its opposing layer, thereby maximizing the thickness of the combined layers as compared to nested layers. Adjacent layers have differing slit patterns and can be expanded through expander type machinery such that the expansion rates of the differing slit pattern layers can be varied to deliver the same width of exiting expanded material from each layer. Preferably the differing slit pattern produce when expanded, inclined land areas that have the same number of rows per inch, but different angles of inclination of the land areas, such that adjacent layers can interlock, that is, have a restricted amount of nesting.

The present invention discloses a method of producing at least a pair of interlocking adjacent layers of a paper packaging product, the pair of interlocking adjacent layers being formed of a sheet of slit paper having a slit pattern, the slit pattern upon expansion, forming cells that include land regions that are inclined with respect to a plane of an unexpanded sheet. The method comprises slitting the sheet of slit paper with beveled blades that have a first wedge angle on one side of the blades and a second wedge angle on the other side of the blades, wherein the first wedge angle is wider than the second wedge angle to produce slits that upon expansion, produce the lands regions that have angles of inclination in a range for 50 to 85 degrees.