A quantum dot composition includes a scatterer containing an inorganic material, a quantum dot containing a core and a shell surrounding the core, a ligand binding to the quantum dot, a polymer resin in which the quantum dot and the scatterer are dispersed, and a dispersant containing at least one of an acidic substituent or a basic substituent. At least one of the polymer resin or the dispersant includes a same material as the shell and the ligand binds to the polymer resin or dispersant that includes the same material as a shell.

Methods of detecting biologicals in samples is provided herein. The detection is based on the formation of aggregates. The disclosed compositions include labeling particles and/or aggregating particles. The labeling particles and the aggregating particles may each include a receptor bound to the particle. The receptor can be either directly attached to the particle or indirectly attached to the particle through a linker. One method of detection may be visual and another may include advanced quantification of the formed aggregates.

The techniques relate to methods and apparatus for sensing an analyte. At least one sensor element is configured to sense an analyte, the at least one sensor element comprising a first portion and a second portion. A first current electrode is attached to the first portion and a second current electrode is attached to the second portion. A first measurement electrode is attached to the first portion and a second measurement electrode is attached to the second portion.

The techniques relate to methods and apparatus for sensing an analyte. At least one sensor element is configured to sense an analyte, the at least one sensor element comprising a first portion and a second portion. A first current electrode is attached to the first portion and a second current electrode is attached to the second portion. A first measurement electrode is attached to the first portion and a second measurement electrode is attached to the second portion.

The present invention provides metallic nanocluster (NC)—antibody (Ab) conjugate, wherein the NC has an average size lower than 3 nm and the conjugate: (a) comprises one single NC, (b) the antibody maintains the binding ability; and (c) has a catalytic activity selected from peroxidase-like and photocatalytic activity.

The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the conjugate as well as compositions, kits and uses in therapy and diagnostics.

Advantageously, the conjugate of the invention shows improved catalytic activity, providing a remarkable improved immunoassay's sensitivity.

A quartz crystal microbalance coated with functionalized nanoparticles used to detect molecule-nanoparticle interactions to assist with characterization of difficult to predict molecule-nanoparticle interactions for novel ligand chemistries and, particularly, mixed ligand nanoparticles exhibiting different ligand morphologies, in order to quantify nanoparticle-molecule interactions independently from more complex solvation requirements.

A CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial synthesized with thiosalicylic acid and sodium citrate as dual-stabilizers is taken as a chemiluminescent luminophore, and Tris buffer containing both N.sub.2H.sub.4.H.sub.2O and H.sub.2O.sub.2 is taken as the triggering solution; introducing the H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the triggering solution can bring out greatly enhanced CL emission and obviously shortened CL process, enable the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial with strong flash-type and near-infrared CL; the luminophore of CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is synthesized by a one-pot method; compared with acridinium ester (a classical flash-type chemiluminescent substance), the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is simple in synthesis method, mild in conditions and short in the required time, the synthesized CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is not easy to decompose under light, and the CL waveband is in the near-infrared region.

A CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial synthesized with thiosalicylic acid and sodium citrate as dual-stabilizers is taken as a chemiluminescent luminophore, and Tris buffer containing both N.sub.2H.sub.4.H.sub.2O and H.sub.2O.sub.2 is taken as the triggering solution; introducing the H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the triggering solution can bring out greatly enhanced CL emission and obviously shortened CL process, enable the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial with strong flash-type and near-infrared CL; the luminophore of CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is synthesized by a one-pot method; compared with acridinium ester (a classical flash-type chemiluminescent substance), the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is simple in synthesis method, mild in conditions and short in the required time, the synthesized CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is not easy to decompose under light, and the CL waveband is in the near-infrared region.

Refractory anchoring devices include a main body and a mounting feature for mounting to a thermal vessel. The main body has the shape of two end-to-end Y's forming a central segment, branch segments extending from ends of the central segment, and extension segments extending from the branch segments, to collectively form four unenclosed cell openings that are semi-hexagonally shaped. Some embodiments include reinforcement segments extending into respective cell openings, voids extending through respective adjacent branch and extension segments, an underbody gap under the central segment, a single stud-welding stud for the mounting feature, and/or a collar-and-stud connection between the anchor main body and a stud-welding stud of the mounting feature. Refractory anchoring systems and methods include an array of the refractory anchoring devices arranged and mounted so that the unenclosed semi-hexagonal cell openings of adjacent anchoring devices cooperatively form substantially hexagonal cells.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for controlled ejection of desired material onto surfaces including in single cells using nanopipettes, as well as ejection onto and into cells. Some embodiments are directed to a method and system comprising nanopipettes combined with an xyz controller for depositing a user defined pattern on an arbitrary substrate for the purpose of controlled cell adhesion and growth. Alternate embodiments are directed to a method and system comprising nanopipettes combined with an xyz controller and electronic control of a voltage differential in a bore of the nanopipette electroosmotically injecting material into a cell in a high-throughput manner and with minimal damage to the cell. Yet other embodiments are directed to method and system comprising functionalized nanopipettes combined with scanning ion conductance microscopy for studying molecular interactions and detection of biomolecules inside a single living cell.