One embodiment of the present invention relates to a solid electrolyte material, a solid electrolyte, a method for producing the solid electrolyte, or an all-solid-state battery, and the solid electrolyte material includes lithium, tantalum, boron, phosphorus, and oxygen as constituent elements, wherein a peak position of a peak having the maximum peak intensity among an .sup.11B-NMR peak is in the range of -15.0 to -5.0 ppm.

A method for producing an ion conductor containing LiCB.sub.9H.sub.10 and LiCB.sub.11H.sub.12 includes: preparing a homogeneous solution by mixing LiCB.sub.9H.sub.10 and LiCB.sub.11H.sup.12 in a solvent at a LiCB.sub.9H.sub.10/LiCB.sub.11H.sub.12 molar ratio of from 1.1 to 20; obtaining a precursor by removing the solvent from the homogeneous solution; and obtaining an ion conductor by subjecting the precursor to a heat treatment.

A method for producing an ion conductor containing LiCB.sub.9H.sub.10 and LiCB.sub.11H.sub.12 includes: preparing a homogeneous solution by mixing LiCB.sub.9H.sub.10 and LiCB.sub.11H.sup.12 in a solvent at a LiCB.sub.9H.sub.10/LiCB.sub.11H.sub.12 molar ratio of from 1.1 to 20; obtaining a precursor by removing the solvent from the homogeneous solution; and obtaining an ion conductor by subjecting the precursor to a heat treatment.

A method of forming cemented tungsten tetraboride, by combining tungsten and boron in a molar ratio of from about 1:6 to about 1:12, respectively, and firing the combined tungsten and boron in a hexagonal boron nitride crucible at a temperature of from about 1600 C to about 2000 C, to form tungsten tetraboride, milling the tungsten tetraboride to a powder, adding a metal binder to the tungsten tetraboride powder to produce a metal-tungsten tetraboride mixture, compressing the metal-tungsten tetraboride mixture, and sintering the compressed metal-tungsten tetraboride mixture to form cemented tungsten tetraboride.

A method of forming cemented tungsten tetraboride, by combining tungsten and boron in a molar ratio of from about 1:6 to about 1:12, respectively, and firing the combined tungsten and boron in a hexagonal boron nitride crucible at a temperature of from about 1600 C to about 2000 C, to form tungsten tetraboride, milling the tungsten tetraboride to a powder, adding a metal binder to the tungsten tetraboride powder to produce a metal-tungsten tetraboride mixture, compressing the metal-tungsten tetraboride mixture, and sintering the compressed metal-tungsten tetraboride mixture to form cemented tungsten tetraboride.

An apparatus is described, as including a reaction region for contacting a reactant gas with a reactive solid under conditions effective to form an intermediate product, and an opening for allowing an unreacted portion of the gaseous reagent and the intermediate product to exit the reaction region. The apparatus can be beneficially employed to form a final product as a reaction product of the intermediate product and the reactant gas. The reaction of the reactant gas and reactive solid can be conducted in a first reaction zone, with the reaction of the reactant gas and intermediate product conducted in a second reaction zone. In a specific implementation, the reaction of the reactant gas and intermediate product is reversible, and the reactant gas and intermediate product are flowed to the second reaction zone at a controlled rate or in a controlled manner, to suppress back reaction forming the reactive solid.

This application relates to a positive electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, a lithium-ion secondary battery and related battery module, battery pack, and apparatus. The positive electrode active material of this application includes a composite oxide of lithium, boron, and a transition metal element, where the transition metal element includes element nickel, and a molar ratio of element nickel to element lithium ranges from 0.55 to 0.95; the positive electrode active material includes secondary particles formed by primary particles; at least 50% of the primary particles in the secondary particle are arranged radially; in the outermost layer of the secondary particle, 70% or more of the primary particles each have at least two parallel sides; and in a cross section through the center of the secondary particle, 60% or more of the primary particles each have at least two parallel sides.

A method for producing a metal boride powder includes producing a boriding gas stream from a first powder in a first fluidizing bed reactor, delivering the boriding gas stream to a second fluidized bed reactor through a conduit fluidly connecting the first and second fluidized bed reactors, fluidizing a second powder in the second fluidized bed reactor, mixing the second powder with the boriding gas stream such that a metal boride or boron-doped powder is formed.

Provided are an atomic layer sheet that contains boron and oxygen as framework elements, is networked by nonequilibrium couplings having boron-boron bonds, and has a molar ratio of oxygen to boron (oxygen/boron) of less than 1.5, a laminated sheet containing a plurality of such atomic layer sheets and metal ions between ones of the sheets, and a thermotropic liquid crystal and a lyotropic liquid crystal containing these. In addition, there is provided a method for manufacturing an atomic layer sheet and/or a laminated sheet containing boron and oxygen, the method including: adding MBH.sub.4, where M represents an alkali metal ion, into a solvent containing an organic solvent in an inert gas atmosphere to prepare a solution; and exposing the solution to an atmosphere containing oxygen.

A method for preparing a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery is provided. The method includes preparing a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel, cobalt, and manganese, wherein the content of the nickel in the total content of the transition metal is 60 mol % or greater. The lithium composite transition metal oxide, MgF.sub.2 as a fluorine (F) coating source, and a boron (B) coating source undergoes dry mixing and heat treatment to form a coating portion on the particle surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide. In addition, a positive electrode active material prepared as described above, is also provided.