The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350° C. in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350° C. in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can be used in a variety of devices, such as sodium ionic batteries, capacitors and other electrochemical devices. Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can have a chemical formula of Na.sub.3OX, Na.sub.3SX, Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/2OX and Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/2SX wherein 0<δ<0.8, wherein X is a monovalent anion selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, H.sup.−, CN.sup.−, BF.sub.4.sup.−, BH.sub.4.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, CH.sub.3.sup.−, NO.sub.2.sup.−, NH.sub.2.sup.− and mixtures thereof, and wherein M is a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium and mixtures thereof. Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can have a chemical formula of Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/3OX and/or Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/3SX; wherein 0<δ<0.5, wherein M is a trivalent cation M.sup.3, and wherein X is selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, H.sup.−, CN.sup.−, BF.sub.4.sup.−, BH.sub.4.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, CH.sub.3.sup.−, NO.sub.2.sup.−, NH.sup.2− and mixtures thereof. Synthesis and processing methods of NaRAP compositions for battery, capacitor, and other electrochemical applications are also provided.

A core/shell semiconductor nanoparticle structure comprises a core comprising a halide perovskite semiconductor and a shell comprising a semiconductor material that is not a halide perovskite (and that is substantially free of halide perovskites). The halide perovskite semiconductor core may be of the form AMX.sub.3, wherein: A is an organic ammonium such as CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, (C.sub.8H.sub.17).sub.2(CH.sub.3NH.sub.3).sup.+, PhC.sub.2H.sub.4NH.sub.3.sup.+, C.sub.6H.sub.11CH.sub.2NH.sub.3.sup.+ or 1-adamantyl methyl ammonium, an amidinium such as CH(NH.sub.2).sub.2.sup.+, or an alkali metal cation such as Li.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Rb.sup.+ or Cs.sup.+; M is a divalent metal cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Mn.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, Eu.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+ or Cd.sup.2+; and X is a halide anion (F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup.) or a combination of halide anions.

This invention relates to a lithium-sulfur battery and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a molten salt-based lithium-sulfur battery and a method of manufacturing the same, in which a metal foam including lithium or a lithium alloy, as an anode active material, and sulfur or metal sulfide, as a cathode active material, is used as a support and a current collector, and a solid-state electrolyte is used to thus improve energy density and power output characteristics.

This invention relates to a lithium-sulfur battery and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a molten salt-based lithium-sulfur battery and a method of manufacturing the same, in which a metal foam including lithium or a lithium alloy, as an anode active material, and sulfur or metal sulfide, as a cathode active material, is used as a support and a current collector, and a solid-state electrolyte is used to thus improve energy density and power output characteristics.

This invention relates to a lithium-sulfur battery and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a molten salt-based lithium-sulfur battery and a method of manufacturing the same, in which a metal foam including lithium or a lithium alloy, as an anode active material, and sulfur or metal sulfide, as a cathode active material, is used as a support and a current collector, and a solid-state electrolyte is used to thus improve energy density and power output characteristics.

The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350 C. in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350 C. in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

A core/shell semiconductor nanoparticle structure comprises a core comprising a halide perovskite semiconductor and a shell comprising a semiconductor material that is not a halide perovskite (and that is substantially free of halide perovskites). The halide perovskite semiconductor core may be of the form AMX.sub.3, wherein: A is an organic ammonium such as CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, (C.sub.8H.sub.17).sub.2(CH.sub.3NH.sub.3).sup.+, PhC.sub.2H.sub.4NH.sub.3.sup.+, C.sub.6H.sub.11CH.sub.2NH.sub.3.sup.+ or 1-adamantyl methyl ammonium, an amidinium such as CH(NH.sub.2).sub.2.sup.+, or an alkali metal cation such as Li.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Rb.sup.+ or Cs.sup.+; M is a divalent metal cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Mn.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, Eu.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+ or Cd.sup.2+; and X is a halide anion (F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup.) or a combination of halide anions.