Disclosed are a composite oxide which is capable of maintaining a large volume of pores even used in a high temperature environment, and which has excellent heat resistance and catalytic activity, as well as a method for producing the composite oxide and a catalyst for exhaust gas purification employing the composite oxide. The composite oxide contains cerium and at least one element selected from aluminum, silicon, or rare earth metals other than cerium and including yttrium, at a mass ratio of 85:15 to 99:1 in terms oxides, and has a property of exhibiting a not less than 0.30 cm.sup.3/g, preferably not less than 0.40 cm.sup.3/g volume of pores with a diameter of not larger than 200 nm, after calcination at 900° C. for 5 hours, and is suitable for a co-catalyst in a catalyst for vehicle exhaust gas purification.

A phosphor contains a crystal phase having a chemical composition Ce.sub.xM.sub.3-x-yβ.sub.6γ.sub.11-z. M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. β contains Si in an amount of 50 mol % or more of a total mol of β. γcontains N in an amount of 80 mol % or more N of a total mol of γ. x satisfies 0<x≦0.6. y satisfies 0≦y≦1.0. z satisfies 0≦z≦1.0. The phosphor shows a maximum peak of an emission spectrum in a wavelength range of 600 nm or more and 800 nm or less and a first peak of an excitation spectrum in a wavelength range of 500 nm or more and 600 nm or less.

A dispersion solution contains a complex of cerium oxide nanoparticle with protein in which a hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the protein are maintained. The dispersion solution is produced by mixing a solution containing the protein with a solution containing a cerium (III) ion or with a cerium (III) salt followed by adding an oxidizing agent thereto.

The object of the present invention is to provide silicon doped metal oxide particles for UV absorption, which average molar absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm, is enhanced. Provided is silicon doped metal oxide particles in which the metal oxide particles are doped with silicon, wherein an average molar absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm, of a dispersion in which the silicon doped metal oxide particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, is improved as compared with similar metal oxide particles not doped with silicon.

The present invention pertains to a process for preparing particles of rare earth sulfide comprising the steps of:—preparing a reaction mixture comprising at least one compound comprising at least one rare earth element (A) and at least one alkali metal sulfide (B),—submitting said reaction mixture to a mechanical stress so as to cause a chemical reaction that produces the particles of rare earth sulfide.

Described herein are compositions and methods relating to molecular cerium-oxide nanoclusters. Described herein are methods of producing cerium-oxide nanoclusters. Described herein are cerium-oxide nanoclusters. Further described herein are cerium-oxide nanoclusters produced by methods as described herein. Methods as described herein can comprise providing a first cerium source, an organic acid, and a solvent; and mixing the cerium source and the organic acid in the presence of a solvent to create a reaction mixture at a temperature and a pressure for a period of time to create a composition of molecular cerium-oxide nanoclusters containing a plurality of molecular cerium-oxide nanoclusters.

The actinium generator described herein is based on peroxide precipitation of thorium from its daughter products radium and actinium. In this system, the “actinium generator” is a quantity of solid thorium peroxide stored under a cover solution. The thorium peroxide is stored as a suspension to allow for the buildup of the decay products radium and actinium in the suspension. The suspension is then treated with a peroxide solution and the solid and liquid phases are separated. The thorium remains in the solid peroxide form while the soluble actinium and radium are removed with the liquid phase in a rinsing step. After rinsing, an amount of the rinsing solution is retained with the thorium peroxide solid as a fresh cover solution to form another suspension for storage. This new suspension is then stored to allow actinium and radium to again build up in the suspension for a subsequent separation cycle.

The actinium generator described herein is based on peroxide precipitation of thorium from its daughter products radium and actinium. In this system, the “actinium generator” is a quantity of solid thorium peroxide stored under a cover solution. The thorium peroxide is stored as a suspension to allow for the buildup of the decay products radium and actinium in the suspension. The suspension is then treated with a peroxide solution and the solid and liquid phases are separated. The thorium remains in the solid peroxide form while the soluble actinium and radium are removed with the liquid phase in a rinsing step. After rinsing, an amount of the rinsing solution is retained with the thorium peroxide solid as a fresh cover solution to form another suspension for storage. This new suspension is then stored to allow actinium and radium to again build up in the suspension for a subsequent separation cycle.

A system includes an ion source configured to generate ions having a first polarity, one or more extraction electrodes configured to extract the ions from the ion source as an ion beam having an extraction energy, a mass resolving slit or aperture configured to select a desired isotope from the ion beam such that a desired isotopic ion beam passes through the mass resolving slit or aperture, a target positioned relative to the mass resolving slit or aperture so that the desired isotopic ion beam is incident on the target, and a voltage source coupled to the target and configured to hold the target at a first voltage having the first polarity. The first voltage causes a reduction of the extraction energy as the desired isotopic ion beam approaches the target to minimize sputtering and maximize collection of the ions on the target to reconstitute an ionized material.

A system includes an ion source configured to generate ions having a first polarity, one or more extraction electrodes configured to extract the ions from the ion source as an ion beam having an extraction energy, a mass resolving slit or aperture configured to select a desired isotope from the ion beam such that a desired isotopic ion beam passes through the mass resolving slit or aperture, a target positioned relative to the mass resolving slit or aperture so that the desired isotopic ion beam is incident on the target, and a voltage source coupled to the target and configured to hold the target at a first voltage having the first polarity. The first voltage causes a reduction of the extraction energy as the desired isotopic ion beam approaches the target to minimize sputtering and maximize collection of the ions on the target to reconstitute an ionized material.