Provided is an olefin polymerization catalyst carrier with a general structure formula of Mg(OR.sup.I).sub.n(OR.sup.II).sub.2-n, wherein: 0≦n≦2, and R.sup.I and R.sup.II can be the same or different and are each independently selected from a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group. In the X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst carrier, there are a set of diffraction peaks in the range of a 2θ diffraction angle of 5°-15°, and the set of diffraction peaks contain 1-4 main diffraction peaks. Also disclosed is an olefin polymerization solid catalyst component which is prepared from the carrier Mg(OR.sup.I).sub.n(OR.sup.II).sub.2-n, a titanium compound, and at least one electron donor compound. In addition, also disclosed is an olefin polymerization catalyst containing the solid catalyst component, at least one organic aluminum compound, and optionally, an external electron donor compound.

An electrode includes at least magnesium, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and halogen. The electrode also has a surface exhibiting a single peak derived from magnesium in the range of 40 eV to 60 eV.

Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can be used in a variety of devices, such as sodium ionic batteries, capacitors and other electrochemical devices. Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can have a chemical formula of Na.sub.3OX, Na.sub.3SX, Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/2OX and Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/2SX wherein 0<δ<0.8, wherein X is a monovalent anion selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, H.sup.−, CN.sup.−, BF.sub.4.sup.−, BH.sub.4.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, CH.sub.3.sup.−, NO.sub.2.sup.−, NH.sub.2.sup.− and mixtures thereof, and wherein M is a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium and mixtures thereof. Na-rich electrolyte compositions provided herein can have a chemical formula of Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/3OX and/or Na .sub.(3-δ) M.sub.δ/3SX; wherein 0<δ<0.5, wherein M is a trivalent cation M.sup.3, and wherein X is selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, H.sup.−, CN.sup.−, BF.sub.4.sup.−, BH.sub.4.sup.−, ClO.sub.4.sup.−, CH.sub.3.sup.−, NO.sub.2.sup.−, NH.sup.2− and mixtures thereof. Synthesis and processing methods of NaRAP compositions for battery, capacitor, and other electrochemical applications are also provided.

A dielectric composition containing a complex oxide represented by the formula of xAO-yBO-zC.sub.2O.sub.5 as the main component, wherein A represents at least one element selected from the group including Ba, Ca and Sr, B represents Mg, and C represents at least one element selected from the group including Nb and Ta, and x, y and z meet the following conditions, x+y+z=1.000, 0.000<x≦0.281, 0.625≦y<1.000, and 0.000<z≦0.375.

The present specification relates to composite metal oxide particles manufactured by reacting two or more metal oxides and a method for manufacturing the same.

A method for preparing a magnesium adamantane carboxylate salt is provided. The method includes mixing a magnesium salt and a diamondoid compound having at least one carboxylic acid moiety to form a reactant mixture and hydrothermally treating the reactant mixture at a reaction temperature for a reaction time to form the magnesium adamantane carboxylate salt.

A lithium-rich layered oxide material with a phase structure gradient and method for making the same are disclosed, used as cathode material for lithium ion battery. The invention has the following technical features: the spherical granule-shaped lithium-rich layered oxide material contains two types of structural units whose ratio gradually changes from the center to the surface of the spherical granule, wherein the monoclinic Li.sub.2MnO.sub.3 structural unit is gradually reduced, and the rhombohedral LiTMO.sub.2 structural unit is gradually increased from the center to the surface of the spherical granule. By controlling the ratio of the monoclinic Li.sub.2MnO.sub.3 structural unit versus the rhombohedral LiTMO.sub.2 structural unit along from the center to the surface the spherical granule, the performance of the Lithium-rich layered oxide materials as cathode for lithium ion battery, such as cyclic stability, specific discharge capacity, safety and other properties, is improved. The preparation process is simple and easy to control, the cost of raw materials is low and the environment is friendly. It can be industrialized on a large scale and has a good prospect of application.

A lithium-rich layered oxide material with a phase structure gradient and method for making the same are disclosed, used as cathode material for lithium ion battery. The invention has the following technical features: the spherical granule-shaped lithium-rich layered oxide material contains two types of structural units whose ratio gradually changes from the center to the surface of the spherical granule, wherein the monoclinic Li.sub.2MnO.sub.3 structural unit is gradually reduced, and the rhombohedral LiTMO.sub.2 structural unit is gradually increased from the center to the surface of the spherical granule. By controlling the ratio of the monoclinic Li.sub.2MnO.sub.3 structural unit versus the rhombohedral LiTMO.sub.2 structural unit along from the center to the surface the spherical granule, the performance of the Lithium-rich layered oxide materials as cathode for lithium ion battery, such as cyclic stability, specific discharge capacity, safety and other properties, is improved. The preparation process is simple and easy to control, the cost of raw materials is low and the environment is friendly. It can be industrialized on a large scale and has a good prospect of application.

Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus that uses a brine from a well that is used to both generate electricity and recover valuable minerals present in the brine. The method and apparatus uses a hydrophobic membrane to separate water vapor from the brine to concentrate the brine that is then used to recover the minerals.

Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus that uses a brine from a well that is used to both generate electricity and recover valuable minerals present in the brine. The method and apparatus uses a hydrophobic membrane to separate water vapor from the brine to concentrate the brine that is then used to recover the minerals.