A composition for stabilizing iron compounds in an aqueous environment, includes a polycarboxylic acid or its salt(s), at least one monomeric or polymeric phosphonate including at least one phosphonic acid group, or its salt(s), at least one corrosion inhibitor including amino groups, and 1-15 weight-% of polycitric acid or a copolymer of citric acid with polyols or glycerol, calculated as an active ingredient from a total weight of constituents in the composition, as dry.

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first compound and a second compound that offers low driving voltage and high efficiency. The organic light-emitting device includes an emission layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, and an electron transport region between the second electrode and the emission layer. The electron transport region includes the first compound. A hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer includes the second compound.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0×10.sup.7 Ω/sq.⋅ or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0×10.sup.7 Ω/sq.⋅ or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

The invention provides water-soluble oligomer-beta blocker drug conjugates. A drug conjugate of the invention can be administered by any of a number of administration routes and exhibits properties that are different from the corresponding beta blocker not attached to the water-soluble oligomer.

The present invention provides a system and method of storing hydrogen (H.sub.2) and releasing it on demand, comprising and making use of diaminoalkanes and alcohols, or aminoalcohols as liquid-organic hydrogen carrier systems (LOHC). 2-amino-ethanol (AE) or its N-methyl derivative 2-(methylamino)ethanol undergo catalytic dehydrogenation to form a cyclic dipeptide (glycine anhydride—GA) or its N,N-dimethyl derivative (N,N-dimethyl GA) with release of hydrogen. Similarly, ethylenediamine (ED) and ethanol undergo catalytic dehydrogenation to form N,N′-diacetylethylenediamine (DAE) with release of hydrogen. Glycine anhydride (GA) or N,N-dimethyl-GA may be hydrogenated back to 2-aminoethanol (AE) or 2-(methylamino)ethanol, respectively, each of which functions as a hydrogen storage system. N,N′-diacetylethylenediamine (DAE) may be hydrogenated back to ED and ethanol, which functions as a hydrogen storage system. These reactions may be catalyzed by a variety of compounds or complexes, including Ruthenium complexes as described herein.

A method for producing an organometallic nucleophile includes reacting an organohalide and a metal or metal compound with each other by a mechanochemical process in the presence of an ether compound in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 equivalents relative to 1 equivalent of the organohalide. By utilizing the method, a method for producing an organometallic nucleophile can be performed without using a large-scale apparatus, a reaction method for reactions between an organometallic nucleophile and various organic electrophiles can be performed by an efficient and simplified means, and a simplified method for producing an organometallic nucleophile can be performed with high reactivity.

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first compound and a second compound that offers low driving voltage and high efficiency. The organic light-emitting device includes an emission layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, and an electron transport region between the second electrode and the emission layer. The electron transport region includes the first compound. A hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer includes the second compound.

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first compound and a second compound that offers low driving voltage and high efficiency. The organic light-emitting device includes an emission layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, and an electron transport region between the second electrode and the emission layer. The electron transport region includes the first compound. A hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer includes the second compound.

An object is to provide a semiconductor material and coating having high solubility in solvents and having advantageous filling property, high heat resistance, and/or high etching resistance. Another object is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor using the semiconductor material. Still another object is to provide a novel compound. Provided are: a semiconductor material consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative; methods for manufacturing a coating and a semiconductor using the semiconductor material; and a compound consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative.