The present invention is directed at organic ammonium salts comprising

an organic ammonium-group-comprising cation which does not contain an estolide moiety and a carboxylate anion (COO—) group-comprising anion selected from the group consisting of anions containing at least one estolide moiety or carboxylate anions containing at least one internal ester group.

The invention is also directed at a process for the production of such organic ammonium salts, the use of such organic ammonium salts in cosmetic formulations for skin and hair care, the use of such organic ammonium salts for the treatment of fibers, the use of the organic ammonium salts for the treatment of hair, at compositions containing such organic ammonium salts, the use of the products of the process for the production of organic ammonium salts in cosmetic formulations for skin care and hair conditioner and hair shampoo, the use of said products for the treatment of fibers, and compositions containing said products for the treatment of hair.

Compounds that are inhibitors of p38alpha and centrally available are described.

The invention relates to a composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, wherein the pH is comprised from 6.0 to 8.0, comprising at least: a) amylin, an amylin receptor agonist or an amylin analog; b) a co-polyamino acid bearing carboxylate charges and hydrophobic radicals Hy, characterized in that the composition does not comprise a basal insulin wherein the isoelectric point pI is comprised from 5.8 to 8.5.

It also relates to a composition characterized in that it further comprises a prandial insulin.

The invention relates to a composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, wherein the pH is comprised from 6.0 to 8.0, comprising at least: a) amylin, an amylin receptor agonist or an amylin analog; b) a co-polyamino acid bearing carboxylate charges and hydrophobic radicals Hy, characterized in that the composition does not comprise a basal insulin wherein the isoelectric point pI is comprised from 5.8 to 8.5.

It also relates to a composition characterized in that it further comprises a prandial insulin.

The use of compounds according to formula (I)

##STR00001##

and with X, Y═—NH— or —O—, wherein at least X or Y is —NH—,
in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or a mixture thereof, wherein
is indicating a carbon-carbon single or double bond, and wherein one carbon-carbon double bond is present either at C2 or C3,
the wavy bond is indicating an unspecified configuration of the adjacent double bond, as umami tastant.

The subject matter of the present invention is the novel molecules of formulae E, E′ and F. These molecules prove to be synthesis intermediates that are very advantageous for the manufacture of derivatives of sphingosine or of ceramides functionalized in position 1, with good yields, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are fatty chains, R.sub.3 is an alkyl group and R.sub.4 is a protective group for alcohol functions. Another subject of the invention is the use of the intermediates of type F for converting same into intermediates of type G, by means of reduction in the presence of lithium borohydride. The G molecules are precursors that are known to make it possible to obtain sphingolipids or sphingomyelin.

Cohesive carbon assemblies are prepared by obtaining a functionalized carbon starting material in the form of powder, particles, flakes, loose agglomerates, aqueous wet cake, or aqueous slurry, dispersing the carbon in water by mechanical agitation and/or refluxing, and substantially removing the water, typically by evaporation, whereby the cohesive assembly of carbon is formed. The method is suitable for preparing free-standing, monolithic assemblies of carbon nanotubes in the form of films, wafers, discs, fiber, or wire, having high carbon packing density and low electrical resistivity. The method is also suitable for preparing substrates coated with an adherent cohesive carbon assembly. The assemblies have various potential applications, such as electrodes or current collectors in electrochemical capacitors, fuel cells, and batteries, or as transparent conductors, conductive inks, pastes, and coatings.

Cohesive carbon assemblies are prepared by obtaining a functionalized carbon starting material in the form of powder, particles, flakes, loose agglomerates, aqueous wet cake, or aqueous slurry, dispersing the carbon in water by mechanical agitation and/or refluxing, and substantially removing the water, typically by evaporation, whereby the cohesive assembly of carbon is formed. The method is suitable for preparing free-standing, monolithic assemblies of carbon nanotubes in the form of films, wafers, discs, fiber, or wire, having high carbon packing density and low electrical resistivity. The method is also suitable for preparing substrates coated with an adherent cohesive carbon assembly. The assemblies have various potential applications, such as electrodes or current collectors in electrochemical capacitors, fuel cells, and batteries, or as transparent conductors, conductive inks, pastes, and coatings.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein the substituents are as defined herein, and wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are thought to be suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors, methods of preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of treatment, prevention and/or amelioration of diseases or disorders wherein the inhibition of Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is known to show beneficial effect.