The present invention provides photo-cleavable anionic surfactants, particularly 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate (Azo) and sodium 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate derivatives, which can be rapidly degraded upon UV irradiation, for top-down and bottom-up proteomics. These surfactants can effectively solubilize proteins and peptide fragments with performance comparable to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and are compatible with mass spectrometry analysis of the solubilized proteins and peptide fragments. Top-down proteomic studies using the present photo-cleavable anionic surfactants has allowed the detection of 100-fold more unique proteoforms as compared to controls and has enabled the solubilization of membrane proteins for comprehensive characterization of protein post-translational modifications. In addition, the present photo-cleavable anionic surfactants are also suitable for dissolving polypeptides in bottom-up proteomic experiments including extracellular matrix proteomics, and are suitable as a substitute for SDS in gel electrophoresis.

The invention relates to compounds and methods for restoring or preserving cholesterol efflux in a cell infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by preventing or decreasing an interaction between Negative Regulatory Factor (Nef) protein and Calnexin protein, and methods for screening for such compounds.

The invention relates to compounds and methods for restoring or preserving cholesterol efflux in a cell infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by preventing or decreasing an interaction between Negative Regulatory Factor (Nef) protein and Calnexin protein, and methods for screening for such compounds.

An additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can suppress the initial gas generation amount when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. The additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is represented by any one of formulae [1] to [4]: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and Y are as defined in the specification.

The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula (1): (1) and salts thereof, wherein A, X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of disorders associated with EP.sub.4 receptors.

##STR00001##

A binder compound, a conductive binder, and a secondary battery containing the same are provided. In some embodiments, the binder compound of the present disclosure has a structure of formula (I), where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a straight or branched C.sub.1-12 alkyl; R.sup.3 represents a halogen or cyano group; R.sup.4 represents a hydroxymethyl or amino; Z represents a straight or branched C.sub.1-12 alkylene; and m represents an integer selected from 7600-47000. The binder compound and the conductive binder of the present disclosure can improve the storage and cycle performances of the secondary battery.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides photo-cleavable anionic surfactants, particularly 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate (Azo) and sodium 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate derivatives, which can be rapidly degraded upon UV irradiation, for top-down and bottom-up proteomics. These surfactants can effectively solubilize proteins and peptide fragments with performance comparable to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and are compatible with mass spectrometry analysis of the solubilized proteins and peptide fragments. Top-down proteomic studies using the present photo-cleavable anionic surfactants has allowed the detection of 100-fold more unique proteoforms as compared to controls and has enabled the solubilization of membrane proteins for comprehensive characterization of protein post-translational modifications. In addition, the present photo-cleavable anionic surfactants are also suitable for dissolving polypeptides in bottom-up proteomic experiments including extracellular matrix proteomics, and are suitable as a substitute for SDS in gel electrophoresis.

Provided herein are Myc-Max inhibitory compounds having the structure of Formula (I) and compositions thereof for use in the treatment of cancer. In particular, the Myc-Max inhibitory compounds may be useful for the treatment of cancers selected from one or more of: prostate cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, small-cell lung carcinomas, neuroblastomas, osteosarcomas, glioblastomas, melanoma and myeloid leukaemia.

##STR00001##

A method for producing a nitrogen-containing pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound of formula (2a) or (2b):

##STR00001## (wherein R.sup.1 a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Z is an aryl group linked to a carbonyl group; Y is a group of formula (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), or (Y4); R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group)

##STR00002## the method comprising reacting a halogeno-pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound of formula (1) with a nitrogenous nucleophile:

##STR00003## (wherein X is a halogen atom; n is an integer of 1 to 5; R.sup.1 is as defined above).

A method for producing a nitrogen-containing pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound of formula (2a) or (2b):

##STR00001## (wherein R.sup.1 a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Z is an aryl group linked to a carbonyl group; Y is a group of formula (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), or (Y4); R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group)

##STR00002## the method comprising reacting a halogeno-pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound of formula (1) with a nitrogenous nucleophile:

##STR00003## (wherein X is a halogen atom; n is an integer of 1 to 5; R.sup.1 is as defined above).