A one part, solids containing decontamination blend composition comprises a solid acetyl donor coated with a compound that protects it from hydrolysis, a peroxygen source, optionally a catalyst, optionally a surfactant, and optionally a buffer. The decontamination blend composition is generally in a dry powder, particle, etc. form or in a tablet, pill, etc. form and is complete in and of itself in that no additional compounds are required prior to use and is readily distributed as a one package system. Upon the addition of water, a peroxygen compound such as hydrogen peroxide is formed, and peracetic acid is generated under alkaline conditions. The decontamination blend composition is particularly suitable for oxidizing various chemical and biological compounds thereby eradicating the same in situ as on surfaces, clothes, articles, and the like. Representative contaminants include mustard gas, nerve gas, bacterial toxins, anthrax, bird flu, and the like.

A chemical sensor may include an electrode array for electrically interfacing with a fluid sample. The sensor can apply an electrical potential to the sample in order to effect a current flow within the sample. The sensor can measure the resulting current through the sample and determine characteristics about the fluid sample from the current measurement. In one mode of operation of the sensor, the applied electrical potential can be controlled to cause desired electrochemical reactions, such as oxidation or reduction, to occur within the sample to determine the concentration of the oxidized or reduced sample constituent. In another mode of operation, the applied electrical potential causes a current to flow simply due to the conductivity of the sample. In various embodiments, the sensor comprises a controller and a switch for switching between various modes of operation and applying appropriate electric potentials to the sample.

A photocatalyst can be regenerated with increasing efficiency, turnover number and turnover frequency in the presence of air by irradiating the photocatalyst with a first range of wavelengths of light that excite the photocatalyst to an intermediate and irradiating the intermediate with a second range of wavelengths of light that turns the intermediate to the photocatalyst.

A photocatalyst can be regenerated with increasing efficiency, turnover number and turnover frequency in the presence of air by irradiating the photocatalyst with a first range of wavelengths of light that excite the photocatalyst to an intermediate and irradiating the intermediate with a second range of wavelengths of light that turns the intermediate to the photocatalyst.

Methods for analyzing a fluid sample can include providing a sensor comprising a non-conductive housing and having a first face and an electrode array mounted in the first face. The method can include disposing the first face of the housing into a fluid sample to be analyzed, selecting a mode of operation, and initiating sensor operation. Modes of operation can include electrochemical operation and conductivity analysis, and can be selected via positioning a switch. The method can include receiving information from the sensor regarding at least one parameter of the fluid. Such parameters can include a concentration of a target constituent in the fluid sample, combined concentrations of different species within the fluid sample, and/or information indicative of the conductivity of the fluid sample.

Methods for analyzing a fluid sample can include providing a sensor comprising a non-conductive housing and having a first face and an electrode array mounted in the first face. The method can include disposing the first face of the housing into a fluid sample to be analyzed, selecting a mode of operation, and initiating sensor operation. Modes of operation can include electrochemical operation and conductivity analysis, and can be selected via positioning a switch. The method can include receiving information from the sensor regarding at least one parameter of the fluid. Such parameters can include a concentration of a target constituent in the fluid sample, combined concentrations of different species within the fluid sample, and/or information indicative of the conductivity of the fluid sample.

Methods for analyzing a fluid sample can include providing a sensor comprising a non-conductive housing and having a first face and an electrode array mounted in the first face. The method can include disposing the first face of the housing into a fluid sample to be analyzed, selecting a mode of operation, and initiating sensor operation. Modes of operation can include electrochemical operation and conductivity analysis, and can be selected via positioning a switch. The method can include receiving information from the sensor regarding at least one parameter of the fluid. Such parameters can include a concentration of a target constituent in the fluid sample, combined concentrations of different species within the fluid sample, and/or information indicative of the conductivity of the fluid sample.

A photocatalyst can be regenerated with increasing efficiency, turnover number and turnover frequency in the presence of air by irradiating the photocatalyst with a first range of wavelengths of light that excite the photocatalyst to an intermediate and irradiating the intermediate with a second range of wavelengths of light that turns the intermediate to the photocatalyst.

A photocatalyst can be regenerated with increasing efficiency, turnover number and turnover frequency in the presence of air by irradiating the photocatalyst with a first range of wavelengths of light that excite the photocatalyst to an intermediate and irradiating the intermediate with a second range of wavelengths of light that turns the intermediate to the photocatalyst.

The present application relates to a method for producing powdered lauroyl peroxide which is characterized in that a reaction mixture is used which comprises water, lauric acid chloride, hydrogen peroxide, an inorganic base and an alkane.