Electrochemical cells and photoelectrochemical cells for the reduction of furfurals are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the reduction reactions. Using the cells and methods, furfurals can be converted into furan alcohols or linear ketones.

The present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an oxetane compound represented by a predetermined formula in an amount within a range of 0.001% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less based on the amount of a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion secondary battery using the same.

The present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an oxetane compound represented by a predetermined formula in an amount within a range of 0.001% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less based on the amount of a negative electrode active material, and a lithium ion secondary battery using the same.

The invention provides a one pot method for generating propylene oxide, the method having the steps of contacting propane with catalyst clusters no greater than 30 atoms in the presence of oxygen for a time sufficient to directly convert the propane to the propylene oxide. The invented method eliminates the generation of intermediate compounds or intermediate reaction steps.

The present invention relates to a benzo-ring-containing derivative, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a compound as represented by general formula (Ia), and a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition containing same, and the use thereof as a GABA receptor agonist in the field of the central nervous system, specifically in inducing and maintaining anesthesia of mammals.

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The present invention relates to a benzo-ring-containing derivative, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a compound as represented by general formula (Ia), and a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition containing same, and the use thereof as a GABA receptor agonist in the field of the central nervous system, specifically in inducing and maintaining anesthesia of mammals.

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Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and X are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using a compound of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., in the treatment of a mental disease or disorder.

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Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and X are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using a compound of Formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., in the treatment of a mental disease or disorder.

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In one aspect, the present invention encompasses safe and efficient methods for providing highly pure acrylic acid. In certain embodiments, the inventive methods include the step of producing polypropiolactone from ethylene oxide at a first location, transporting the polymer to a second location and pyrolyzing the polypropiolactone to provide glacial acrylic acid. In certain embodiments, the step of pyrolyzing the polymer is performed continuously in conjunction with a polymerization process to make SAPs.

The invention provides new cabazitaxel isoserine ester intermediates and new synthetic methods, and a preparation method for the anti-tumour drugs cabazitaxel, docetaxel and paclitaxel from the new cabazitaxel isoserine intermediates.