Disclosed herein are oligomeric machines comprising a first oligomeric module having a first end and a second end, and a second oligomeric module having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the first oligomeric module is joined to the first end of the second oligomeric module; and wherein the oligomeric machine exhibits stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations in a solution at a temperature when the temperature is in a critical temperature range and the oligomeric machine does not exhibit stochastic resonance in the solution when the temperature is not in the critical temperature range; and the oligomeric machine exhibits stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations in a solution under a force load applied to the oligomeric machine when the force load is in a critical force range and the oligomeric machine does not exhibit stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations in the solution when the force load is not in the critical range. Also disclosed herein are molecular sensors comprising an oligomeric machine and configured to bind with one or more analytes thus modulating the stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations of the oligomeric machine. Additionally disclosed are uses of molecular sensors for the detection of one or more analytes in a solution.

Disclosed herein are oligomeric machines comprising a first oligomeric module having a first end and a second end, and a second oligomeric module having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the first oligomeric module is joined to the first end of the second oligomeric module; and wherein the oligomeric machine exhibits stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations in a solution at a temperature when the temperature is in a critical temperature range and the oligomeric machine does not exhibit stochastic resonance in the solution when the temperature is not in the critical temperature range; and the oligomeric machine exhibits stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations in a solution under a force load applied to the oligomeric machine when the force load is in a critical force range and the oligomeric machine does not exhibit stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations in the solution when the force load is not in the critical range. Also disclosed herein are molecular sensors comprising an oligomeric machine and configured to bind with one or more analytes thus modulating the stochastic resonance and/or spontaneous vibrations of the oligomeric machine. Additionally disclosed are uses of molecular sensors for the detection of one or more analytes in a solution.

The present invention provides: a rubber composition having a good low heat generation property and is excellent in high elastic modulus and fracture resistance, and a tire using the rubber composition. The rubber composition contains a rubber component that contains a diene rubber, and the diene rubber contains a polymer (A) of a copolymer that has, in one molecule, a block moiety containing a urethane backbone segment and a block moiety containing a diene backbone segment.

A resin solution for printing, including: a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 125° C. or higher; a thermoplastic elastomer; and a particle having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, the resin solution having a viscosity of 1 cP or more and 50 cP or less. Preferably, the thermoplastic elastomer is a hydrogenated aromatic vinyl compound-conjugated diene block copolymer or a modified product of the hydrogenated aromatic vinyl compound-conjugated diene block copolymer with a silicon atom-containing polar group.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, the method comprising: (a) providing a solution containing a sulfonated elastomer dissolved in a solvent or a precursor in a liquid form or dissolved in a solvent; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of a cathode active material in the solution to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing/curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein the powder mass comprises multiple particulates and at least a particulate comprises one or a plurality of particles of a cathode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of sulfonated elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 800%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, the method comprising: (a) providing a solution containing a sulfonated elastomer dissolved in a solvent or a precursor in a liquid form or dissolved in a solvent; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of a cathode active material in the solution to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing/curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein the powder mass comprises multiple particulates and at least a particulate comprises one or a plurality of particles of a cathode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of sulfonated elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 800%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.

A method for producing an iodine-containing compound includes reacting a halogen-containing organic iodine compound and a compound containing a reactive carbon-carbon double bond in the presence of a compound of Formula (21) or Formula (22). Each of R.sup.21, R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, or an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.22 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a boron-containing group; R.sup.25 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a silicon-containing group; and each of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

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Provided is a cation exchange membrane having a stable ion exchange performance during usage, being excellent in basic properties such as membrane resistance and ion transportation as well as strength, and useful for electrodialysis and a method for producing the same. The cation exchange membrane is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer including an anionic group-containing anionic polymer segment and a vinyl alcohol polymer segment, and having a microphase separation structure having a domain size (X) in a range from 0 nm<X≦150 nm. The method is composed of forming a membrane from a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer which is adjusted to contain salts in a proportion that the salt weight (C) relative to the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer weight (P) is [(C)/(P)] of 4.5/95.5 or lower.

Provided is a cation exchange membrane having a stable ion exchange performance during usage, being excellent in basic properties such as membrane resistance and ion transportation as well as strength, and useful for electrodialysis and a method for producing the same. The cation exchange membrane is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer including an anionic group-containing anionic polymer segment and a vinyl alcohol polymer segment, and having a microphase separation structure having a domain size (X) in a range from 0 nm<X≦150 nm. The method is composed of forming a membrane from a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer which is adjusted to contain salts in a proportion that the salt weight (C) relative to the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer weight (P) is [(C)/(P)] of 4.5/95.5 or lower.

Copolymers having a substantially heterogeneous composition distribution and strong UV absorption are the direct reaction product of an isoolefin and at least one terpene having the molecular formulae of (C.sub.5H.sub.8)n where n is equal to or greater than two, and optionally additional monomers. More specifically, the invention relates to copolymers of isobutylene and alloocimene that exhibit thermoplastic elastomeric properties and exhibit strong filler interaction. The present invention also relates to methods for producing copolymers of at least one isoolefin and at least one terepene by a two-phase living polymerization that produces a substantially linear triblock and multiblock copolymer having substantially heterogeneous distribution of the isoolefin and terpene units.