A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups, from a compound of formula I: the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars. ##STR00001##

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups, from a compound of formula I: the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars. ##STR00001##

A composition for forming a resist underlayer film includes: (A) a crosslinkable compound represented by formula (I) and (D) a solvent. [In the formula, n is an integer of 2-6, the n-number of Z each independently are monovalent organic groups including a mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexaformylaryl group, the n-number of A each independently represent —OCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2O— or (BB), and T is an n-valent hydrocarbon group and/or repeating unit of a polymer optionally having at least one group selected from the group made of a hydroxy group, an epoxy group, an acyl group, an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, a carboxy group, a carbonyl group, an amino group, an imino group, a cyano group, an azo group, an azide group, a thiol group, a sulfo group, and an allyl group and optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group and/or an oxygen atom.]

The present disclosure relates to depolymerizable poly(aldehydes) and systems and methods of efficiently synthesizing the same. An exemplary method of making a polymer comprises continuously flowing a polymerization solution through at least a portion of a reactor, and generating a poly(aldehyde) polymer from the polymerization solution.

The present disclosure relates to depolymerizable poly(aldehydes) and systems and methods of efficiently synthesizing the same. An exemplary method of making a polymer comprises continuously flowing a polymerization solution through at least a portion of a reactor, and generating a poly(aldehyde) polymer from the polymerization solution.

A drug conjugate is provided herein. The conjugate comprises a protein based recognition-molecule (PBRM) and a polymeric carrier substituted with one or more -L.sup.D-D, the protein based recognition-molecule being connected to the polymeric carrier by L.sup.P. Each occurrence of D is independently a therapeutic agent having a molecular weight ≦5 kDa. L.sup.D and L.sup.P are linkers connecting the therapeutic agent and PBRM to the polymeric carrier respectively. Also disclosed are polymeric scaffolds useful for conjugating with a PBRM to form a polymer-drug-PBRM conjugate described herein, compositions comprising the conjugates, methods of their preparation, and methods of treating various disorders with the conjugates or their compositions.

A drug conjugate is provided herein. The conjugate comprises a protein based recognition-molecule (PBRM) and a polymeric carrier substituted with one or more -L.sup.D-D, the protein based recognition-molecule being connected to the polymeric carrier by L.sup.P. Each occurrence of D is independently a therapeutic agent having a molecular weight ≦5 kDa. L.sup.D and L.sup.P are linkers connecting the therapeutic agent and PBRM to the polymeric carrier respectively. Also disclosed are polymeric scaffolds useful for conjugating with a PBRM to form a polymer-drug-PBRM conjugate described herein, compositions comprising the conjugates, methods of their preparation, and methods of treating various disorders with the conjugates or their compositions.

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups, from a compound of formula I: the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.

##STR00001##

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II: where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups, from a compound of formula I: the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.

##STR00001##

A method is provided of preparing a compound of formula II:

##STR00001##

where: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from —CH.sub.2OR′, —CHO, —COOR′ and —H, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both —H; and R′ is selected from —H and C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbyl groups,
from a compound of formula I:

##STR00002##

the compounds of formulas I and II being optionally in the form of a salt. The method comprises dehydrating the compound of formula I at: a pH in the range of from 0 to 6 or 8 to 11.5; and a temperature in the range of from 10 to 80° C. The method is particularly useful for synthesizing substituted furans from compounds derived from sugars.