An antifouling article including a base material, a diamond-like carbon layer and an antifouling coating layer formed of a surface-treating agent on the diamond-like carbon layer. The surface-treating agent includes a group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, a group having a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond, or a leaving group.

Provided are a fluoropolyether compound having high heat resistance and capable of maintaining a surface protection layer even under high temperature, and a lubricant and a magnetic disk that contain the fluoropolyether compound. The fluoropolyether compound includes: three groups whose main chain contains a perfluoropolyether chain; and a trivalent linking group represented by Formula (1) below, the three groups being bound together via the trivalent linking group:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an amino group, and A.sub.1, A.sub.2, and A.sub.3 are each independently an aromatic group.

A composition [composition (C)] comprising from 1 to 90% by weight (wt. %) of at least one poly(aryl ether ketone) [(PAEK) polymer], from 1 to 25 wt. % of at least one polyphenylsulfone polymer [(PPSU) polymer], from 1 to 90 wt. % of at least one polyethersulfone polymer [(PES)polymer], and from 0.1 to 50 wt. % of at least one reinforcing filler, where all wt. % are based on the total weight of the composition (C) and the (PES) polymer has as melt flow rate(MFR) at a temperature of 380° C. and under a load of 2.16 kg according to ASTM D1238 of greater than 35 g/10 min.

The present specification relates to a compound comprising an aromatic ring, a polymer comprising the same, a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane.

The present invention relates to novel (per)fluoropolyether polymers characterized by high molecular weight and high functionality, to a process for their manufacture and to their use as intermediate compounds in the preparation of further polymers.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

This invention relates to the use of base-labile protecting groups for stepwise synthesis of polymers including oligomers. One or more monomers that have a base-labile protecting group at one end and a leaving group at the other are used in synthetic cycles comprising deprotection under stronger basic conditions to remove the base-labile protecting group, and coupling with a monomer under weaker basic conditions to elongate the polymer without premature deprotection of the base-labile protecting group. Advantages of the invention include the possibility to shorten the synthetic cycle from three steps in prior art methods to two steps, more efficient deprotection, more efficient coupling, and the use of less harmful and less expensive chemicals. One of the goals for stepwise polymer synthesis is to prepare monodisperse and sequence-defined polymers.

This invention relates to the use of base-labile protecting groups for stepwise synthesis of polymers including oligomers. One or more monomers that have a base-labile protecting group at one end and a leaving group at the other are used in synthetic cycles comprising deprotection under stronger basic conditions to remove the base-labile protecting group, and coupling with a monomer under weaker basic conditions to elongate the polymer without premature deprotection of the base-labile protecting group. Advantages of the invention include the possibility to shorten the synthetic cycle from three steps in prior art methods to two steps, more efficient deprotection, more efficient coupling, and the use of less harmful and less expensive chemicals. One of the goals for stepwise polymer synthesis is to prepare monodisperse and sequence-defined polymers.

The compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds having a structure according to Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V)) are polymers wherein an organic polymeric segment (e.g., a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group) comprises covalent attachments to two or more lipid substructures, and each lipid substructure independently comprises a hydrophobic moiety and a hydrophilic moiety. The compounds provided herein can be useful for delivery and expression of mRNA and encoded protein, e.g., as a component of liposomal delivery vehicle, and accordingly can be useful for treating various diseases, disorders and conditions, such as those associated with deficiency of one or more proteins.

The compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds having a structure according to Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V)) are polymers wherein an organic polymeric segment (e.g., a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group) comprises covalent attachments to two or more lipid substructures, and each lipid substructure independently comprises a hydrophobic moiety and a hydrophilic moiety. The compounds provided herein can be useful for delivery and expression of mRNA and encoded protein, e.g., as a component of liposomal delivery vehicle, and accordingly can be useful for treating various diseases, disorders and conditions, such as those associated with deficiency of one or more proteins.