A polymerisable LC material comprising at least one di- or multireactive mesogenic compound selected from the group of compounds of formula I,

##STR00001##

at least one monoreactive mesogenic compound selected from the group of compounds of formula II,

##STR00002##

wherein the parameter A.sup.11 to A.sup.21, L.sup.21, p, P.sup.11 to P.sup.22, R.sup.21, Sp.sup.11 to Sp.sup.21, X.sup.11 to X.sup.21, and Z.sup.11 to Z.sup.21 have one of the meanings as given in claim 1, and at least one carbazole oxime ester photoinitiator. Furthermore, a method for preparation of the polymerisable LC material, a polymer film with improved thermal durability obtainable from the corresponding polymerisable LC material, a method of preparation of such polymer film, and the use of such polymer film and said polymerisable LC material for optical, electro-optical, decorative or security devices.

Water electrolysis systems that operate at intermediate temperature (i.e., between about 100 C. and about 300 C.) are described. At least some aspects of the present disclosure relate to proton exchange membrane steam electrolysis (PEMSE) systems including a polymer electrolyte comprising at least one phosphorous atom. In at least some examples, the polymer electrolyte my comprise phosphonic acid.

This invention generally relates to a method for modulating interfacial wettability of a noncovalent nanoscopic monolayer or thin film. Particularly, this invention relates to a method for modulating interfacial wettability of a two-dimensional (2D) material using a molecular layer prepared from a polymerizable amphiphilic monomer having a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, wherein enhanced or decreased wettability of said 2D material is achieved by proper allocating the position of polymerizable group relative to the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail.

A desalination device includes a container, first and second electrodes, an anion exchange membrane (AEM), and a power source. The container contains saline water that has an elevated concentration of dissolved salts. The AEM separates the container into first and second compartments into which the first and second electrodes, respectively, are arranged. The AEM has a continuous porous structure and a plurality of negatively-charged oxygen functional groups coupled to the porous structure. The power source is configured to selectively apply a voltage to one of the first and second electrodes. The AEM has a selective permeability when the voltage is applied such that cations in the saline water solution have a first diffusion rate d.sub.1 therethrough and anions in the saline water solution have a second diffusion rate d.sub.2 therethrough. The first diffusion rate d.sub.1 is less than the second diffusion rate d.sub.2 and greater than or equal to zero.

Water electrolysis systems that operate at intermediate temperature (i.e., between about 100? C. and about 300? C.) are described. At least some aspects of the present disclosure relate to proton exchange membrane steam electrolysis (PEMSE) systems including a polymer electrolyte comprising at least one phosphorus atom. In at some examples, the polymer electrolyte my comprise phosphonic acid.

A polymerizable LC material comprising at least one di- or multireactive mesogenic compound selected from the group of compounds of formula I, ##STR00001##
at least one monoreactive mesogenic compound selected from the group of compounds of formula II, ##STR00002##
wherein the parameter A.sup.11 to A.sup.21, L.sup.21, p, P.sup.11 to P.sup.22, R.sup.21, Sp.sup.11 to Sp.sup.21, X.sup.11 to X.sup.21, and Z.sup.11 to Z.sup.21 have one of the meanings as given in claim 1, and at least one carbazole oxime ester photoinitiator. Furthermore, a method for preparation of the polymerizable LC material, a polymer film with improved thermal durability obtainable from the corresponding polymerizable LC material, a method of preparation of such polymer film, and the use of such polymer film and said polymerizable LC material for optical, electro-optical, decorative or security devices.

This invention generally relates to a method for modulating interfacial wettability of a noncovalent nanoscopic monolayer or thin film. Particularly, this invention relates to a method for modulating interfacial wettability of a two-dimensional (2D) material using a molecular layer prepared from a polymerizable amphiphilic monomer having a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, wherein enhanced or decreased wettability of said 2D material is achieved by proper allocating the position of polymerizable group relative to the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail.

Polytriacetylene, a unique conjugated polymer with all-carbon main-chains consisting of alternating double bonds and diacetylene units, can self-assemble into ordered structures under moderate pressures, driven by side-chain crystallization. At higher pressure, the polymer undergoes topochemical cross-linking reactions, resulting in insoluble materials with graphyne-like structural and property characteristics.

Polytriacetylene, a unique conjugated polymer with all-carbon main-chains consisting of alternating double bonds and diacetylene units, can self-assemble into ordered structures under moderate pressures, driven by side-chain crystallization. At higher pressure, the polymer undergoes topochemical cross-linking reactions, resulting in insoluble materials with graphyne-like structural and property characteristics.