Recycled elements and/or renewable resources, such as recycled carbon black or recycled carbon black and recycled particulate rubber, are incorporated into a rubber composition. The rubber composition can be used to manufacture tires or various tire components including tire subtreads.

Recycled elements and/or renewable resources, such as recycled carbon black or recycled carbon black and recycled particulate rubber, are incorporated into a rubber composition. The rubber composition can be used to manufacture tires or various tire components including tire subtreads.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising mixing at least one compatibilizer precursor with at least one polymer, so as to result in a polymer concentrate and mixing the polymer concentrate with asphalt, so as to result in a polymer modified asphalt (“PMA”). Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to formulations comprising a compatibilizer precursor, a polymer concentrate, PMA, or any combination thereof.

Provided are bitumen nanocomposites. The bitumen nanocomposites have one or more clay, one or more polymer composition, and bitumen. A polymer composition can have one or more polymer and one or more crumb rubber. A polymer may have one or more maleic anhydride group. The bitumen nanocomposites can be used in, for example, road surfacing products and roofing products.

Provided are bitumen nanocomposites. The bitumen nanocomposites have one or more clay, one or more polymer composition, and bitumen. A polymer composition can have one or more polymer and one or more crumb rubber. A polymer may have one or more maleic anhydride group. The bitumen nanocomposites can be used in, for example, road surfacing products and roofing products.

The invention relates to a process which responds to this problem scenario. The invention therefore relates to a process for preparing a rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a crumb rubber and a crosslinking system, said process comprising at least the following steps: incorporating the reinforcing filler into the diene elastomer, all at once or in several stages, and mixing; when the temperature of the mixture reaches a temperature of greater than 100° C., adding the crumb rubber; continuing the mixing up to a maximum temperature of between 120° C. and 190° C.; cooling the mixture to a temperature of less than 100° C.; incorporating the crosslinking system and mixing up to a maximum temperature of less than 110° C.

The invention relates to a process which responds to this problem scenario. The invention therefore relates to a process for preparing a rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a crumb rubber and a crosslinking system, said process comprising at least the following steps: incorporating the reinforcing filler into the diene elastomer, all at once or in several stages, and mixing; when the temperature of the mixture reaches a temperature of greater than 100° C., adding the crumb rubber; continuing the mixing up to a maximum temperature of between 120° C. and 190° C.; cooling the mixture to a temperature of less than 100° C.; incorporating the crosslinking system and mixing up to a maximum temperature of less than 110° C.

The present disclosure provides a tire in which cracks or other defects on the surface of a tire component can be reduced to provide an excellent market life. A tire including a rubber layer and satisfying the following relationships (1) and (2): E1/E2×100>25 (1); and E1/E2×T×100>50 (2) wherein E1 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by cutting a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer, heat-treating the specimen with the cut sections attached to each other at 170° C. for 12 minutes, and then stretching and deforming the specimen; E2 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by heat-treating a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer at 170° C. for 12 minutes and then stretching and deforming the specimen; and T denotes the thickness (mm) of the rubber layer.

The present disclosure provides a tire in which cracks or other defects on the surface of a tire component can be reduced to provide an excellent market life. A tire including a rubber layer and satisfying the following relationships (1) and (2): E1/E2×100>25 (1); and E1/E2×T×100>50 (2) wherein E1 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by cutting a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer, heat-treating the specimen with the cut sections attached to each other at 170° C. for 12 minutes, and then stretching and deforming the specimen; E2 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by heat-treating a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer at 170° C. for 12 minutes and then stretching and deforming the specimen; and T denotes the thickness (mm) of the rubber layer.

The present disclosure provides a tire in which cracks or other defects on the surface of a tire component can be reduced to provide an excellent market life. A tire including a rubber layer and satisfying the following relationships (1) and (2): E1/E2×100>25 (1); and E1/E2×T×100>50 (2) wherein E1 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by cutting a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer, heat-treating the specimen with the cut sections attached to each other at 170° C. for 12 minutes, and then stretching and deforming the specimen; E2 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by heat-treating a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer at 170° C. for 12 minutes and then stretching and deforming the specimen; and T denotes the thickness (mm) of the rubber layer.