The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

An object of the present invention is to provide: a compound containing an imide group which is not only cured under film formation conditions of inert gas as well as air, generates no by-product and has excellent heat resistance and properties of filling and planarizing a pattern formed on a substrate, but can also form an organic underlayer film with favorable adhesion to a substrate. The present invention provides a material for forming an organic film, including: (A) a compound for forming an organic film shown by the following general formula (1A) or (1B); and (B) an organic solvent, ##STR00001##
noting that in the general formula (1A), when W.sub.1 represents any of ##STR00002##
R.sub.1 does not represent any of ##STR00003##

Provided is a curable composition having excellent workability and being capable of forming a cured product having super heat resistance by curing. The curable composition of the present disclosure includes a curable compound represented by Formula (1) below and a radical polymerization initiator. In the following formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a curable functional group, and D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 each represent a single bond or a linking group. L represents a divalent group having a repeating unit containing a structure represented by Formula (I) below and a structure represented by Formula (II) below. Ar.sup.1 to A.sup.3 each represent an arylene group or a group in which two or more arylene groups are bonded via a single bond or a linking group. X represents —CO—, —S—, or —SO.sub.2—, and Y represents —S—, —SO.sub.2—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —CONH—. n represents an integer of 0 or greater.

##STR00001##

Provided is a curable composition having excellent workability and being capable of forming a cured product having super heat resistance by curing. The curable composition of the present disclosure includes a curable compound represented by Formula (1) below and a radical polymerization initiator. In the following formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a curable functional group, and D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 each represent a single bond or a linking group. L represents a divalent group having a repeating unit containing a structure represented by Formula (I) below and a structure represented by Formula (II) below. Ar.sup.1 to A.sup.3 each represent an arylene group or a group in which two or more arylene groups are bonded via a single bond or a linking group. X represents —CO—, —S—, or —SO.sub.2—, and Y represents —S—, —SO.sub.2—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —CONH—. n represents an integer of 0 or greater.

##STR00001##

Antistatic polymers include divalent segments represented by the formula wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 represents an alkylene group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Methods of making antistatic polymers are also disclosed.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to soluble aqueous compositions comprising metal salts of selected polyitaconic acid (PIA) resins.

The present invention relates to soluble aqueous compositions comprising metal salts of selected polyitaconic acid (PIA) resins.

There are provided a liquid composition capable of forming a coating film securing colorless transparency, being excellent in weather resistance, suppressing occurrence of bleedout, and having sufficiently ultraviolet absorbing function and the infrared absorbing function, and a glass article having a coating film formed by this composition. A liquid composition for forming a coating film contains an infrared absorbent selected from a tin-doped indium oxide, an antimony-doped tin oxide, and a composite tungsten oxide; an ultraviolet absorbent selected from a benzophenone-based compound, a triazine-based compound, and a benzotriazole-based compound; predetermined amount of a dispersing agent having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000; predetermined amount of a chelating agent relative forming a complex with the infrared absorbent and having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000, the complex exhibiting substantially no absorption with respect to light having a visible wavelength; a binder component; and a liquid medium.

There are provided a liquid composition capable of forming a coating film securing colorless transparency, being excellent in weather resistance, suppressing occurrence of bleedout, and having sufficiently ultraviolet absorbing function and the infrared absorbing function, and a glass article having a coating film formed by this composition. A liquid composition for forming a coating film contains an infrared absorbent selected from a tin-doped indium oxide, an antimony-doped tin oxide, and a composite tungsten oxide; an ultraviolet absorbent selected from a benzophenone-based compound, a triazine-based compound, and a benzotriazole-based compound; predetermined amount of a dispersing agent having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000; predetermined amount of a chelating agent relative forming a complex with the infrared absorbent and having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000, the complex exhibiting substantially no absorption with respect to light having a visible wavelength; a binder component; and a liquid medium.