An emulsified liquid composition is disclosed comprising a hydrophobic phase, an emulsifying composition of a protonated amide and a protonated amine having defined carbon to nitrogen atom molar ratios and water. The compositions optionally comprise at least one of a defoamer, a coalescent agent, a preservative, a co-emulsifier, chain extender, crosslinker and a rheology modifier. The compositions are useful for application to induce hydrophobicity to inorganic, organic or fiber based materials without undesirable backwetting or re-wetting effects.

A sulfuric acid ester containing a plurality of carbonyl groups or a salt thereof, and a surfactant. The sulfuric acid ester is a compound represented by the following formula:
R.sup.1—C(═O)—R.sup.2—C(═O)—R.sup.3—OSO.sub.3X
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined herein; X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring. Also disclosed is a surfactant containing the sulfuric acid ester and an aqueous dispersant containing the sulfuric acid ester.

An emulsifying dispersant includes, as the main component, vesicles formed from an amphiphilic substance capable of self-assembly or an emulsifying dispersant comprising single particles of a biopolymer as the main component. The particles made from amphiphilic substances capable of self-assembly are used. The amphiphilic substances are selected from among polyoxyethylene-hydrogenated castor oil derivatives wherein the average number of added ethylene oxide molecule is 5 to 15, dialkyldimethyl-ammonium halides wherein the chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl is 8 to 22, and phospholipids or phospholipid derivatives. According to the invention a three-phase structure composed of an aqueous phase, an emulsifying dispersant phase and an oil phase is formed on the surface of an emulsion to give an emulsion (such as emulsion fuel) excellent in thermal stability and long-term stability.

An emulsifying dispersant includes, as the main component, vesicles formed from an amphiphilic substance capable of self-assembly or an emulsifying dispersant comprising single particles of a biopolymer as the main component. The particles made from amphiphilic substances capable of self-assembly are used. The amphiphilic substances are selected from among polyoxyethylene-hydrogenated castor oil derivatives wherein the average number of added ethylene oxide molecule is 5 to 15, dialkyldimethyl-ammonium halides wherein the chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl is 8 to 22, and phospholipids or phospholipid derivatives. According to the invention a three-phase structure composed of an aqueous phase, an emulsifying dispersant phase and an oil phase is formed on the surface of an emulsion to give an emulsion (such as emulsion fuel) excellent in thermal stability and long-term stability.

A system and method for water shutoff, including providing a treatment fluid including a polymer and a nitrogen-generating compound through a wellbore into a water zone in a subterranean formation, generating nitrogen gas in the water zone by a reaction of the nitrogen-generating compound, generating foam from the nitrogen gas and the treatment fluid in the water zone to give foamed polymer in the water zone, and sealing the water zone with the foamed polymer.

The present invention is directed to an ophthalmic emulsion. The emulsion has a unique combination of ingredients that promotes the stability of small oil droplets within the emulsion. The emulsion also includes a mucoadhesive polymer that aid in delivering a lipid to the ocular surface.

The present invention is directed to an ophthalmic emulsion. The emulsion has a unique combination of ingredients that promotes the stability of small oil droplets within the emulsion. The emulsion also includes a mucoadhesive polymer that aid in delivering a lipid to the ocular surface.

The presently claimed invention relates to polyalkyleneimine-based polymers that are useful as dispersants and a process for the preparation thereof. The presently claimed invention is also directed to dispersants that are useful in solvent-based dispersion systems as well as in water-based dispersion systems.

A demulsifier includes the reaction product of a) a combination of a monoglyceride and polyethylene glycol (PEG), b) an acid having at least two carboxyl groups, a full or partial ester thereof, an anhydride thereof and combinations thereof, and c) optionally, a fatty acid, a fatty alcohol and combinations thereof. A method of demulsifying a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion includes adding the demulsifier to the emulsion and separating the emulsion into an oil phase and a water phase.

The presently claimed invention relates to polyalkyleneimine-based polymers that are useful as dispersants and a process for the preparation thereof. The presently claimed invention is also directed to dispersants that are useful in solvent-based dispersion systems as well as in water-based dispersion systems.