A pyrolysis oil composition that is soluble in hydrocarbon fuel, and related systems and methods for making the composition, are described. In an exemplary embodiment, a process for making a pyrolysis oil composition involves pyrolyzing biomass to generate biomass-derived pyrolysis vapor therefrom, vaporizing petroleum feedstock to generate petroleum feedstock-derived vapor therefrom, blending the biomass-derived pyrolysis vapor and petroleum feedstock-derived vapor together, condensing the blended biomass-derived pyrolysis vapor and petroleum feedstock-derived vapor simultaneously to form a condensate, and collecting the condensate.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

A pyrolysis reactor and process for processing or recycling waste material. The pyrolysis reactor defines an internal cavity, and includes an inlet for the transfer of feedstock material into the internal cavity and an outlet for the transfer of processed material out of the internal cavity. The pyrolysis reactor also includes an induction heating apparatus comprising up to three induction heaters arranged outside of the internal cavity and an induction susceptor within the internal cavity e.g. granules up to 50 mm diameter and/or a helical stirrer including an induction susceptor material. The induction heating apparatus is configured to heat feedstock material within the internal cavity.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

The present invention provides a microwave pyrolysis reactor (1) comprising an inner pipe element (2) and a housing (4), wherein the inner pipe element (2) is made of a microwave transparent material and is arranged within the housing and comprises a first open end (5) and a second open end (6); the housing (4) comprises a first inner surface, enclosing an annular space (7,44) around the inner pipe element (2), a waste inlet (10), a solids outlet (11), a gas outlet (12), and a port (13) for a microwave waveguide (14), the waste inlet and the solids outlet are in communication with the first open end and the second open end of the inner pipe element, respectively, and the port for a microwave waveguide is in communication with the annular space; the inner pipe element, the waste inlet and the solids outlet of the housing form parts of a conduit not in fluid communication with the annular space around the inner pipe element and wherein the inner pipe element is clamped within the housing via a cylinder-shaped resilient assembly (54) arranged at at least one of the first open end (5) and the second open end of the inner pipe element, the resilient assembly is adapted to allow longitudinal expansion of the inner pipe element (2) and comprises a central through-going passage (57) having a centerline in line with a centerline (C) of the inner pipe element.

The present invention provides a microwave pyrolysis reactor (1) comprising an inner pipe element (2) and a housing (4), wherein the inner pipe element (2) is made of a microwave transparent material and is arranged within the housing and comprises a first open end (5) and a second open end (6); the housing (4) comprises a first inner surface, enclosing an annular space (7,44) around the inner pipe element (2), a waste inlet (10), a solids outlet (11), a gas outlet (12), and a port (13) for a microwave waveguide (14), the waste inlet and the solids outlet are in communication with the first open end and the second open end of the inner pipe element, respectively, and the port for a microwave waveguide is in communication with the annular space; the inner pipe element, the waste inlet and the solids outlet of the housing form parts of a conduit not in fluid communication with the annular space around the inner pipe element and wherein the inner pipe element is clamped within the housing via a cylinder-shaped resilient assembly (54) arranged at at least one of the first open end (5) and the second open end of the inner pipe element, the resilient assembly is adapted to allow longitudinal expansion of the inner pipe element (2) and comprises a central through-going passage (57) having a centerline in line with a centerline (C) of the inner pipe element.

The present invention relates to a system for the production of carbon nanotubes from carbonaceous matter, preferably, plastic waste and solar energy; Method of production.

The present invention provides a microwave pyrolysis reactor (1) comprising an inner pipe element (2) and a housing (4), wherein the inner pipe element (2) is made of a microwave transparent material and is arranged within the housing and comprises a first open end (5) and a second open end (6); the housing (4) comprises a first inner surface, enclosing an annular space (7,44) around the inner pipe element (2), a waste inlet (10), a solids outlet (11), a gas outlet (12), and a port (13) for a microwave waveguide (14), the waste inlet and the solids outlet are in communication with the first open end and the second open end of the inner pipe element, respectively, and the port for a microwave waveguide is in communication with the annular space; the inner pipe element, the waste inlet and the solids outlet of the housing form parts of a conduit not in fluid communication with the annular space around the inner pipe element and wherein the inner pipe element is clamped within the housing via a cylinder-shaped resilient assembly (54) arranged at at least one of the first open end (5) and the second open end of the inner pipe element, the resilient assembly is adapted to allow longitudinal expansion of the inner pipe element (2) and comprises a central through-going passage (57) having a centerline in line with a centerline (C) of the inner pipe element.