Disclosed is a liquid biofuel comprising carbonaceous material particles having a D50 ranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm suspended in a liquid biodiesel composition.

Polymeric mist control materials, methods of forming polymeric mist control materials, and methods of using such materials for mist control are provided. The polymeric mist control additives are formed of molecules comprised predominantly of monomers that confer high solubility in fuel and include associative groups that attract each other in donor-acceptor manner, and are incorporated such that multiple associative groups are in close proximity (“clusters”), such that the clusters are separated by very long non-associative sequences.

Polymeric mist control materials, methods of forming polymeric mist control materials, and methods of using such materials for mist control are provided. The polymeric mist control additives are formed of molecules comprised predominantly of monomers that confer high solubility in fuel and include associative groups that attract each other in donor-acceptor manner, and are incorporated such that multiple associative groups are in close proximity (“clusters”), such that the clusters are separated by very long non-associative sequences.

A fuel stabilizer formulation includes a hybrid component that acts as an antioxidant, a chelating agent, and lubricant when added to the fuel, one or more vapor suppressants, and a water scavenger. Furthermore, the formulation may include components that bond with gasoline compounds to prevent evaporation of low-end components, form a layer along with the engine metal that prevents condensed water from corroding the metal, prevent corroded metal ions from destabilizing gasoline compounds into resin, and scavenge water to prevent water deposits at the bottom of the tank which limits biological activity, resulting in an overall improvement in oxidation stability over conventional fuel stabilizers.

A method of marking a hydrocarbon fuel, the method comprising adding to said hydrocarbon fuel a tracer compound for marking the hydrocarbon fuel, the tracer compound being a substituted fluorene having a structure of Formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, benzyl or substituted benzyl groups, or R1 and R2 form a single substituent linked intramolecularly to each other, or R1 and R2 are ether groups excluding acetal groups, wherein R3 and R4 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, benzyl or substituted benzyl groups, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is not hydrogen.

##STR00001##

A method of marking a hydrocarbon fuel, the method comprising adding to said hydrocarbon fuel a tracer compound for marking the hydrocarbon fuel, the tracer compound being a substituted fluorene having a structure of Formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, benzyl or substituted benzyl groups, or R1 and R2 form a single substituent linked intramolecularly to each other, or R1 and R2 are ether groups excluding acetal groups, wherein R3 and R4 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, benzyl or substituted benzyl groups, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is not hydrogen.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.

Methods of reducing stochastic pre-ignition events and/or carbonaceous deposits in a gasoline-fueled engine by adding at least 10 ppm by weight of a compound having at least one alkyl succinic acid group to a gasoline fuel, wherein said compound is the product of (a) and (b), wherein:

(a) is an amine with at least one tertiary nitrogen, water, or a hydrocarbyl substituted alcohol; and

(b) is a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and/or anhydride.

Methods of reducing stochastic pre-ignition events and/or carbonaceous deposits in a gasoline-fueled engine by adding at least 10 ppm by weight of a compound having at least one alkyl succinic acid group to a gasoline fuel, wherein said compound is the product of (a) and (b), wherein:

(a) is an amine with at least one tertiary nitrogen, water, or a hydrocarbyl substituted alcohol; and

(b) is a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid and/or anhydride.

This invention is related to an additive composition comprising metal-based quantum clusters (QCs) dispersed in a hydrocarbon medium. The additive composition is useful as a fuel additive, as it acts as a combustion improver for liquid and gaseous fuels. The invention describes a process for the synthesis of the additive composition comprising metal-based materials in atomic cluster form in hydrocarbon dispersible medium. The stable liquid dispersion of the QC has been doped into the hydrocarbon fuels at required concentrations. The measurable flame temperature of the fuels, e.g., commercial LPG on burner has been observed to increase by at least 60-80° C. The flame with high heat through put can be used for efficient cooking, heating, annealing and other high thermal applications. The additive composition may also be used to improve the fuel economy of the liquid hydrocarbon fuels.