Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

A tanning agent-free leather making method is provided. A raw hide is subjected to controllable dehydration with a molecular sieve-polar organic solvent composite dehydration media to achieve a dehydrated hide, and then a tanning agent-free leather is prepared by increasing the surface roughness of the dehydrated hide and reducing the surface energy of the dehydrated hide. The present disclosure does not use any metal or non-metal tanning agent, which is eco-friendly. The present disclosure breaks the balance of water distribution between the raw hide and the polar organic solvent, which realizes a multi-medium self-driven directional controllable dehydration of the raw hide, effectively solving the problems during dehydration of the raw hide only using polar organic solvent. The molecular sieve-polar organic solvent dehydration system is easy to recover and can be recycled for the controllable dehydration of the raw hide multiple times. Therefore, a brand-new clean leather making technology is provided.

Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

The present disclosure relates to a method of generating bioartificial reptile leather by in vitro culturing of isolated cells the chorioallantois of hatched reptile eggs. The disclosure allows production of reptile leather without the ethical issues of conventional reptile farming and the trapping and killing of reptiles for their skin. Furthermore the disclosure allows production of reptile leather from species that are not abundantly available as skin products, such as from endangered species.

The present disclosure relates to a method of generating bioartificial reptile leather by in vitro culturing of isolated cells the chorioallantois of hatched reptile eggs. The disclosure allows production of reptile leather without the ethical issues of conventional reptile farming and the trapping and killing of reptiles for their skin. Furthermore the disclosure allows production of reptile leather from species that are not abundantly available as skin products, such as from endangered species.

Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

The invention is directed to a method for producing a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.