An assembly includes a metal member containing a glass-forming component and a glass member bonded to the metal member in a glass-to-metal seal.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) at 15 to 50 wt %; silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 10 to 20 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 5 to 20 wt %; one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) at 1 to 5 wt %; one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO) at 1 to 35 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or copper oxide (CuO) at 10 to 25 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning may be shortened and oil contaminants may be completely removed.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) at 15 to 50 wt %; silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 10 to 20 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 5 to 20 wt %; one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) at 1 to 5 wt %; one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO) at 1 to 35 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or copper oxide (CuO) at 10 to 25 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning may be shortened and oil contaminants may be completely removed.

A cooking apparatus including an enamel coating layer having an improved cleaning efficiency and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. The cooking apparatus includes a cooking compartment configured to accommodate a cooking object, a door configured to open and close the cooking compartment, and an enamel coating layer provided on a surface of the cooking compartment. The enamel coating layer includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, 5% or less (excluding 0%) of a silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), 10% to 20% of an aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), 10% to 20% of a phosphorous pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), 5% to 15% of a rare earth oxide, and 5% to 10% of a ferric oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3).

Induction heating facilitated coating systems and processes for pipes overcome corrosion and erosion of the pipes at extreme temperatures and pressures in applications including oil and gas downhole tubulars and pipelines as well as processing facilities. Being based on vitreous fused inorganic compounds, the present invention achieves very high corrosion resistance at remarkably modest cost. Attractive economics and immunity to chlorides and moisture permeation at extreme concentrations and temperatures also make it well suited to desalination plants and potable water piping applications. Due to its extreme temperature resistance, it also is very well suited for geothermal wells. Additionally, due to its characteristic smooth durable surface, the present invention is ideally suited for applications involving the opposite of corrosion, namely scaling problems, such as fouling in sewage systems and scale buildup in heavy oil wells.

The present disclosure relates to an enamel composition, a method for preparation thereof, and a cooking appliance using the same, which provide excellent cleaning performance, reduce a defect caused by carbon gases when an enamel coating is implemented on a base material made of cast iron, and provides excellent thermal shock resistance and durability. In the enamel composition according to the disclosure, components implementing glass and components having catalytic performance have an optimal component system, thereby ensuring excellent thermal shock resistance and durability. The enamel composition of the present disclosure has a component system that helps enamel cast iron as well as low carbon steel, thereby ensuring excellent cleaning performance, thermal shock resistance and durability. The enamel composition of the present disclosure is appropriate for a cooktop grate, a hob burner, and the like which directly contact a fire and are exposed to repetitive thermal shock.

The present disclosure relates to an enamel composition, a method for preparation thereof, and a cooking appliance using the same, which provide excellent cleaning performance, reduce a defect caused by carbon gases when an enamel coating is implemented on a base material made of cast iron, and provides excellent thermal shock resistance and durability. In the enamel composition according to the disclosure, components implementing glass and components having catalytic performance have an optimal component system, thereby ensuring excellent thermal shock resistance and durability. The enamel composition of the present disclosure has a component system that helps enamel cast iron as well as low carbon steel, thereby ensuring excellent cleaning performance, thermal shock resistance and durability. The enamel composition of the present disclosure is appropriate for a cooktop grate, a hob burner, and the like which directly contact a fire and are exposed to repetitive thermal shock.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) at 15 to 50 wt %; silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 10 to 20 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 5 to 20 wt %; one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) at 1 to 5 wt %; one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO) at 1 to 35 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or copper oxide (CuO) at 10 to 25 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning may be shortened and oil contaminants may be completely removed.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) at 15 to 50 wt %; silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 10 to 20 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 5 to 20 wt %; one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) at 1 to 5 wt %; one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO) at 1 to 35 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or copper oxide (CuO) at 10 to 25 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning may be shortened and oil contaminants may be completely removed.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) at 15 to 50 wt %; silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 10 to 20 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 5 to 20 wt %; one or more of sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), or aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) at 1 to 5 wt %; one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), or calcium oxide (CaO) at 1 to 35 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or copper oxide (CuO) at 10 to 25 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning may be shortened and oil contaminants may be completely removed.