An electrochemical system having two metallic separator plates, an electrochemical cell arranged between the separator plates and sealed by at least one sealing element, and fixing elements for fixing the separator plates. The fixing elements comprise at least two fixing elements which are designed as integral with the first or with the second separator plate, which differ from the at least one sealing element, are spaced apart from the at least one sealing element parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates, and project at least in sections beyond the plate planes of the separator plates in a stacking direction. The first fixing element is thereby supported on the second fixing element in such a way that the second fixing element prevents a displacement of the first separator plate relative to the second separator plate.

In an aspect of the present invention, a gasochromic dimming mechanism is provided which includes a gasochromic dimming component provided with a pair of transparent substrates, the transparent substrates being arranged to face each other, and a dimming part formed on one or both facing surfaces of the pair of the transparent substrates, wherein an optical property of the dimming part is reversibly changed by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation; and a hydrogen-air mixture gas supply unit that supplies a hydrogen-air mixture gas between the pair of the transparent substrates. The hydrogen-air mixture gas supply unit includes an electrolysis cell including a mixer for mixing hydrogen and air, a polymer electrolyte membrane, a porous electrode formed in the polymer electrolyte membrane as an anode, and an air supply unit that supplies the air to the mixer, the porous electrode being arranged on a flow channel of the air.

The invention is a cathode arrangement comprising a cathode housing (20) defining a space (16) for cathode material and comprising a cathode housing wall being permeable to an electrolyte, and a collector member made of carbon, having a first end part extending into the space (16) for cathode material and a second end part extending outside the space (16) for cathode material, and cathode particles (10), having a cylindric shape with a diameter of 2-5 mm and being extruded from carbon, are arranged in the space (16) for cathode material. The invention is, furthermore, an energy cell comprising the cathode arrangement, an arrangement for processing hydrogen gas comprising the cathode arrangement and use the energy cell applying seawater or salt water as an electrolyte. Furthermore, the invention is a method for manufacturing the cathode arrangement.

The invention relates to bio-electrochemical systems for the generation of methane from organic material and for reducing chemical oxygen demand and nitrogenous waste through denitrification. The invention further relates to an electrode for use in, and a system for, the adaptive control of bio-electrochemical systems as well as a fuel cell.

The invention relates to bio-electrochemical systems for the generation of methane from organic material and for reducing chemical oxygen demand and nitrogenous waste through denitrification. The invention further relates to an electrode for use in, and a system for, the adaptive control of bio-electrochemical systems as well as a fuel cell.

The electrode catalyst ink for a water electrolysis cell includes a catalyst including a layered double hydroxide, an organic polymer, and a solvent. The Hansen solubility parameter distance R.sub.a1 between the solvent and the catalyst is 15.0 MPa.sup.½ or more and less than 20.5 MPa.sup.½. The Hansen solubility parameter distance R.sub.a2 between the solvent and the organic polymer is 10.0 MPa.sup.½ or more and 14.0 MPa.sup.½ or less.

An electrolysis apparatus for producing ammonia, the apparatus comprising: a cathode; an anode; an electrolyte; a current source; a supply for nitrogen; and a supply for an acid, wherein the acid comprises at least one acid selected from the group consisting of: HCl, HBr, and HI.

An electrolysis apparatus for producing ammonia, the apparatus comprising: a cathode; an anode; an electrolyte; a current source; a supply for nitrogen; and a supply for an acid, wherein the acid comprises at least one acid selected from the group consisting of: HCl, HBr, and HI.

A compression apparatus includes at least one compression unit, a voltage applier, an anode end plate provided on an anode separator located at a first end in a direction of stacking, a cathode end plate provided on a cathode separator located at a second end in the direction of stacking, and first and second plates provided between the cathode end plate and the cathode separator located at the second end. The compression apparatus causes, by using the voltage applier to apply a voltage, protons taken out from an anode fluid that is supplied to the anode to move to the cathode via the electrolyte membrane and produces compressed hydrogen. The first plate has formed therein a first space in which to store a cathode gas containing the compressed hydrogen. The second plate is provided with a first manifold through which the cathode gas flows and a first communicating path through which to lead, to the first space, the cathode gas having flowed in from the first manifold.

The electrode catalyst ink includes a catalyst including a layered double hydroxide, an organic polymer, and a solvent. The solvent includes a first solvent, a second solvent, and a third solvent. The third solvent has a boiling point higher than a boiling point of the first solvent and higher than a boiling point of the second solvent. The Hansen solubility parameter distance R.sub.a1 [MPa.sup.1/2] between the third solvent and the catalyst and the Hansen solubility parameter distance R.sub.a2 [MPa.sup.1/2] between the third solvent and the organic polymer satisfy a relationship of 2.08R.sub.a1−16.0≤R.sub.a2≤2.08R.sub.a1−13.5.