An insulated nanofiber having a continuous nanofiber collection extending along a longitudinal axis with an outside surface and an inside portion is described. A first material infiltrates the inside portion, where the outside surface of the nanofiber collection is substantially free of the first material. An electrically-insulating second material coats the outside surface of the nanofiber collection. A method of making an insulated nanofiber collection is also disclosed.

The present invention addresses the problem of suitably improving a treatment agent for a carbon fiber precursor in terms of the heat resistance and the effect of suppressing fusion between fibers during the step of flame-resisting treatment. This treatment agent for a carbon fiber precursor is characterized by containing a lubricant, the lubricant comprising a specific sulfur-containing diester compound and a specific sulfur-containing monoester compound.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

Expanded, nanofiber structures are provided as well as methods of use thereof and methods of making.

Expanded, nanofiber structures are provided as well as methods of use thereof and methods of making.

According to one embodiment, a fiber sheet includes a plurality of fibers. The plurality of fibers are in a closely-adhered state.

All of the following (1) to (3) are satisfied, where F1 is a tensile strength in a first direction, and F2 is a tensile strength in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction: (1) F2>F1; (2) F1 is 1 MPa or more; and (3) F2/F1 is 2 or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing protein spinning capable of securing a stable strength by securing sufficient interlacing between fibers. The method for producing a protein spun yarn of the present invention includes a step (a) of preparing a raw material spun yarn including an uncrimped artificial fibroin fiber containing modified fibroin and a step (b) of bringing the raw material spun yarn into contact with an aqueous medium to crimp the artificial fibroin fiber.

A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.

Disclosed is an elastic fiber treatment agent that contains at least one smoothing agent selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, silicone oils, and ester oils and at least one naturally derived ingredient selected from the group consisting of terpene resins and terpene resin derivatives. Also disclosed is an elastic fiber treatment agent that contains at least one smoothing agent selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, silicone oils, and ester oils and at least one naturally derived ingredient selected from the group consisting of rosins and rosin derivatives. In one aspect, the smoothing agent includes a mineral oil and the mineral oil content of the smoothing agent (A) is 59.5% to 95% by mass.

An elastic fiber treatment agent that contains a smoothing agent, water and an organic phosphoric acid ester salt. The smoothing agent contains a mineral oil with an aniline point of not more than 110° C., a silicone oil, and optionally an ester oil. Assuming that the sum of the content ratios of the smoothing agent, the water, and the organic phosphoric acid ester salt in the elastic fiber treatment agent is 100 parts by mass, the elastic fiber treatment agent contains the mineral oil at a ratio of 20 to 90 parts by mass and the water at a ratio of 0.01 to 2 parts by mass.