A cryogenic refrigerator includes a displacer that is reciprocably mounted within a cylinder; a spool valve that is connected to the compressor and performs switching between an intake mode where a high-pressure refrigerant gas is supplied from the compressor to the cylinder and an exhaust mode where a low-pressure refrigerant gas within the cylinder is made to flow back to the compressor; and a drive unit that drives the spool valve. The spool valve has a valve body, and a drive rod that moves relative to the valve body and is integrated with the spool. The drive unit performs driving so that the magnitude of a speed when the drive rod moves from a top dead center to a bottom dead center is different from the magnitude of a speed when the drive rod moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, at the same displacement position.

A fluid cylinder includes an outer cylinder surrounding expandable intermediate and inner cylinders. A first sealed volume is defined between the outer cylinder and the intermediate cylinder, a second sealed volume is defined between the intermediate cylinder and the inner cylinder and a third volume defined within the inner cylinder. The first sealed volume is held at a lower pressure than the second and third volumes. At upper heights of the intermediate and inner cylinders, the pressures of the second and third volumes are approximately equal. Exerting a downward force on a linkage connected to a top end of the inner cylinder results in changes in pressure-volume relationships, causing the intermediate cylinder to fall and, upon release of the downward force, causing the intermediate and inner cylinders to rise again to their upper heights. The reciprocal motion generated can be harnessed for various purposes.

Pneumatic actuator assemblies include a mounting base with a mounting base wall having a base surface portion a bearing support surface portion facing generally opposite the base surface portion. A flex member has a flex member wall that includes an engagement wall portion. The flex member is secured to the mounting base such that an actuator chamber is at least partially defined therebetween. A bearing element that has a bearing element surface is supported on the mounting base. The pneumatic actuator is displaceable between a first condition in which an exposed portion of the bearing element surface is spaced farther from the base surface portion than the engagement wall portion and a second condition in which the engagement wall portion is spaced a farther from the base surface portion than the exposed portion of the bearing element surface. Conveying systems and methods of assembly are also included.

Pneumatic actuator assemblies include a mounting base with a mounting base wall having a base surface portion a bearing support surface portion facing generally opposite the base surface portion. A flex member has a flex member wall that includes an engagement wall portion. The flex member is secured to the mounting base such that an actuator chamber is at least partially defined therebetween. A bearing element that has a bearing element surface is supported on the mounting base. The pneumatic actuator is displaceable between a first condition in which an exposed portion of the bearing element surface is spaced farther from the base surface portion than the engagement wall portion and a second condition in which the engagement wall portion is spaced a farther from the base surface portion than the exposed portion of the bearing element surface. Conveying systems and methods of assembly are also included.

A fluid cylinder includes an outer cylinder surrounding expandable intermediate and inner cylinders. A first sealed volume is defined between the outer cylinder and the intermediate cylinder, a second sealed volume is defined between the intermediate cylinder and the inner cylinder and a third volume defined within the inner cylinder. The first sealed volume is held at a lower pressure than the second and third volumes. At upper heights of the intermediate and inner cylinders, the pressures of the second and third volumes are approximately equal. Exerting a downward force on a linkage connected to a top end of the inner cylinder results in changes in pressure-volume relationships, causing the intermediate cylinder to fall and, upon release of the downward force, causing the intermediate and inner cylinders to rise again to their upper heights. The reciprocal motion generated can be harnessed for various purposes.

A pneumatic impulse conveyor motor using opposed pairs of linear-activated bellows to reciprocate a drive plate. The drive plate is rotatably connected to an array of conveyor trays through a plurality of parallel spaced shafts to convert the linear motion of the bellows to a radial motion useful for reciprocating the array of conveyor trays.

A pneumatic impulse conveyor motor using opposed pairs of linear-activated bellows to reciprocate a drive plate. The drive plate is rotatably connected to an array of conveyor trays through a plurality of parallel spaced shafts to convert the linear motion of the bellows to a radial motion useful for reciprocating the array of conveyor trays.

By a securing structure, a diaphragm dividing a space into a first chest and a second chest, is secured to a case forming forms the space therein. The case has a first frame having a first concave portion for forming the first chest, and a second frame having a second concave portion for forming the second chest. An edge portion of the diaphragm is compressed and held between the first frame and the second frame which are fitted with each other. The securing structure has a fastener for constricting the first arm portions of the first frame and the second arm portions of the second frame from the outside of the case.

Pneumatic actuator assemblies include a mounting base with a mounting base wall having a base surface portion a bearing support surface portion facing generally opposite the base surface portion. A flex member has a flex member wall that includes an engagement wall portion. The flex member is secured to the mounting base such that an actuator chamber is at least partially defined therebetween. A bearing element that has a bearing element surface is supported on the mounting base. The pneumatic actuator is displaceable between a first condition in which an exposed portion of the bearing element surface is spaced farther from the base surface portion than the engagement wall portion and a second condition in which the engagement wall portion is spaced a farther from the base surface portion than the exposed portion of the bearing element surface. Conveying systems and methods of assembly are also included.

Pneumatic actuator assemblies include a mounting base with a mounting base wall having a base surface portion a bearing support surface portion facing generally opposite the base surface portion. A flex member has a flex member wall that includes an engagement wall portion. The flex member is secured to the mounting base such that an actuator chamber is at least partially defined therebetween. A bearing element that has a bearing element surface is supported on the mounting base. The pneumatic actuator is displaceable between a first condition in which an exposed portion of the bearing element surface is spaced farther from the base surface portion than the engagement wall portion and a second condition in which the engagement wall portion is spaced a farther from the base surface portion than the exposed portion of the bearing element surface. Conveying systems and methods of assembly are also included.