A heat exchanger includes a heat recovery unit that causes a heat medium to recover heat from flue gas through first heat exchange by bringing the flue gas into contact with a fin tube; a reheater including a preheating unit configured to preheat flue gas through second heat exchange by bringing the flue gas into contact with a tube, and heating units that heat the flue gas through third heat exchange by bringing the flue gas into contact with the heat medium; and a control unit that calculates a recovered heat quantity to be recovered by the heat recovery unit from the flue gas through the first heat exchange, and that controls temperature of the heat medium after the first heat exchange within a predetermined range.

A heat exchanger includes a heat recovery unit that causes a heat medium to recover heat from flue gas through first heat exchange by bringing the flue gas into contact with a fin tube; a reheater including a preheating unit configured to preheat flue gas through second heat exchange by bringing the flue gas into contact with a tube, and heating units that heat the flue gas through third heat exchange by bringing the flue gas into contact with the heat medium; and a control unit that calculates a recovered heat quantity to be recovered by the heat recovery unit from the flue gas through the first heat exchange, and that controls temperature of the heat medium after the first heat exchange within a predetermined range.

The present invention relates to a gas heat pump system. The gas heat pump system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an air conditioning module comprising a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion apparatus, an indoor heat exchanger and a refrigerant line; and an engine module comprising an engine for combusting a mixture of fuel and air, thereby providing power for driving the compressor. The engine module comprises: a mixer for mixing and discharging the air and fuel; a supercharging means for receiving the mixture discharged from the mixer, compressing same, and then discharging same; an intercooler for receiving the mixture compressed in the supercharging means, cooling same by a heat exchange method, increasing the density thereof, and then discharging same; an adjustment means for receiving the mixture discharged from the intercooler, adjusting the quantity thereof, and then supplying same to the engine; and an exhaust gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a coolant and exhaust gas discharged from the engine.

The present invention relates to a gas heat pump system. The gas heat pump system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an air conditioning module comprising a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion apparatus, an indoor heat exchanger and a refrigerant line; and an engine module comprising an engine for combusting a mixture of fuel and air, thereby providing power for driving the compressor. The engine module comprises: a mixer for mixing and discharging the air and fuel; a supercharging means for receiving the mixture discharged from the mixer, compressing same, and then discharging same; an intercooler for receiving the mixture compressed in the supercharging means, cooling same by a heat exchange method, increasing the density thereof, and then discharging same; an adjustment means for receiving the mixture discharged from the intercooler, adjusting the quantity thereof, and then supplying same to the engine; and an exhaust gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a coolant and exhaust gas discharged from the engine, wherein the exhaust gas heat exchanger is directly connected to an exhaust manifold of the engine.

In one aspect, a system is provided and includes an engine including an exhaust valve, an exhaust manifold downstream of the exhaust valve and a muffler downstream of the exhaust manifold. The system also includes a catalyst positioned downstream of the exhaust valve.

In one aspect, a system is provided and includes an engine including an exhaust valve, an exhaust manifold downstream of the exhaust valve and a muffler downstream of the exhaust manifold. The system also includes a catalyst positioned downstream of the exhaust valve.

A carbon nanotube production system is used for improving plant growth characteristics for a plant growing medium, for example soil in an agricultural field. The system includes an internal combustion engine, for example a tractor engine, which is arranged to combust a fuel mixture therein which includes a blend of fuels and additives including a carbon nanotube seeding material. The engine is operated in pyrolysis to produce exhaust emissions containing black carbon ultrafine and nano soot, for example by towing an agricultural implement across the agricultural field. At least a portion of the exhaust emissions is captured and conditioned to process the carbon soot into carbon nanotubes. The conditioned exhaust emissions and carbon nanotubes therein are then applied to the plant growing medium, for example by using the agricultural implement to incorporate the conditioned exhaust into the soil.

A carbon nanotube production system is used for improving plant growth characteristics for a plant growing medium, for example soil in an agricultural field. The system includes an internal combustion engine, for example a tractor engine, which is arranged to combust a fuel mixture therein which includes a blend of fuels and additives including a carbon nanotube seeding material. The engine is operated in pyrolysis to produce exhaust emissions containing black carbon ultrafine and nano soot, for example by towing an agricultural implement across the agricultural field. At least a portion of the exhaust emissions is captured and conditioned to process the carbon soot into carbon nanotubes. The conditioned exhaust emissions and carbon nanotubes therein are then applied to the plant growing medium, for example by using the agricultural implement to incorporate the conditioned exhaust into the soil.

An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, an air intake system to feed air to the cylinder, an exhaust gas system to feed exhaust gas away from the cylinder, a turbocharger including a turbocharger turbine operatively connected to a turbocharger compressor, wherein the air intake system is arranged to feed intake air via the turbocharger compressor and wherein the exhaust gas system is arranged to feed exhaust gas via the turbocharger turbine so as to drive the turbocharger compressor, and wherein the internal combustion engine system further includes a positive displacement machine arranged in the exhaust gas system downstream of the turbocharger turbine. The internal combustion engine system further includes a variable drive unit to drive the positive displacement machine. The internal combustion engine system controls the drive unit so as to control a flow of exhaust gas through the positive displacement machine.

An energy recovery converter for exhaust gases or waste heat is provided. The converter includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), an exhaust gas having a first molecular oxygen content, and an external electrical load. The MEA includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an oxygen ion conductive membrane sandwiched between the first and second electrodes. Each of the first and second electrodes includes at least one oxidation catalyst configured to promote an electrochemical reaction. The second electrode of the MEA is exposed to the exhaust gas and the first electrode of the MEA is exposed to a gas having a second molecular oxygen content. The second molecular oxygen content is higher than the first molecular oxygen content. The external electrical load is connected between the first and second electrodes of the MEA.