Valves may include an opening sized and shaped to permit a subject fluid to flow through the opening when the opening is unobstructed. A heat exchange element may be located proximate to the opening, the heat exchange element positioned and configured to induce a localized phase change in the subject fluid to form and unform a solid plug from the subject fluid around at least a portion of the heat exchange element. A heat transfer rate of the heat exchange element may be variable to control a rate of flow of the subject fluid through the valve by controlling a size of the solid plug from the subject fluid.

Valves may include an opening sized and shaped to permit a subject fluid to flow through the opening when the opening is unobstructed. A heat exchange element may be located proximate to the opening, the heat exchange element positioned and configured to induce a localized phase change in the subject fluid to form and unform a solid plug from the subject fluid around at least a portion of the heat exchange element. A heat transfer rate of the heat exchange element may be variable to control a rate of flow of the subject fluid through the valve by controlling a size of the solid plug from the subject fluid.

A motor vehicle air-conditioning line valve arrangement includes a line valve having an air-conditioning line body which is of substantially closed design in a transverse plane, and a fiber nonwoven arranged on an inside in the air-conditioning line body and having a nonwoven mat to which a large number of nonwoven fibers are fixed. The nonwoven fibers are fixed to the nonwoven mat at one end and configured to be electrostatically charged by the nonwoven mat. An electrical charge generator is electrically connected to the nonwoven mat and configured to electrostatically charge the fiber nonwoven, so that the electrostatically charged nonwoven fibers straighten toward a center of the air-conditioning line body in such a way that they close an open flow cross section of the air-conditioning line body.

A motor vehicle air-conditioning line valve arrangement includes a line valve having an air-conditioning line body which is of substantially closed design in a transverse plane, and a fiber nonwoven arranged on an inside in the air-conditioning line body and having a nonwoven mat to which a large number of nonwoven fibers are fixed. The nonwoven fibers are fixed to the nonwoven mat at one end and configured to be electrostatically charged by the nonwoven mat. An electrical charge generator is electrically connected to the nonwoven mat and configured to electrostatically charge the fiber nonwoven, so that the electrostatically charged nonwoven fibers straighten toward a center of the air-conditioning line body in such a way that they close an open flow cross section of the air-conditioning line body.

A low-profile and small-size valve to a shut off a flow of fluid in a pipeline includes a frame, a tube, a moving part, a lever, an elastic part, a latch, and a trigger. The tube is movable with the moving part. The lever is rotatable around an axis. The elastic part can push the lever to rotate after the trigger pushes the buckle away from the lever to unlatch the lever and allow rotation. During the rotation of the lever, the lever pulls on the moving part, and the moving part pulls on the tube together to disconnect the tube from the pipe. The valve improves the convenience and efficiency of shutting off a flow of fluid. A pipeline and an immersion cooling system is also disclosed.

Aspects of the disclosure provide for a method and apparatus for installing and removing a plug retainer that may be used in a fluid end hydraulic system.

Electrical propulsion systems and related methods are generally described. In some embodiments, an electrical propulsion system may include an electrically-actuated valve to selectively permit flow of propellant from a reservoir tank to a thruster. The valve may physically isolate the propellant from the thruster when inactivated, exhibiting a non-wetting surface which may inhibit propellant from passing through the valve towards the thrusters. In some embodiments, a valve may be activated through application of a voltage potential to the valve relative to the propellant, which may change the wettability of the valve, permitting propellant to wet and subsequently pass through the valve. The voltage potential may be adjusted to vary the wettability of the valve, resulting in the valve effectively regulating propellant flow rate. The valve may include a conductive layer, a dielectric or insulating layer, and a non-wetting layer to enhance the non-wetting behavior of the valve.

Electrical propulsion systems and related methods are generally described. In some embodiments, an electrical propulsion system may include an electrically-actuated valve to selectively permit flow of propellant from a reservoir tank to a thruster. The valve may physically isolate the propellant from the thruster when inactivated, exhibiting a non-wetting surface which may inhibit propellant from passing through the valve towards the thrusters. In some embodiments, a valve may be activated through application of a voltage potential to the valve relative to the propellant, which may change the wettability of the valve, permitting propellant to wet and subsequently pass through the valve. The voltage potential may be adjusted to vary the wettability of the valve, resulting in the valve effectively regulating propellant flow rate. The valve may include a conductive layer, a dielectric or insulating layer, and a non-wetting layer to enhance the non-wetting behavior of the valve.

Aspects of the disclosure provide for a method and apparatus for installing and removing a plug retainer that may be used in a fluid end hydraulic system.

Electrical propulsion systems and related methods are generally described. In some embodiments, an electrical propulsion system may include an electrically-actuated valve to selectively permit flow of propellant from a reservoir tank to a thruster. The valve may physically isolate the propellant from the thruster when inactivated, exhibiting a non-wetting surface which may inhibit propellant from passing through the valve towards the thrusters. In some embodiments, a valve may be activated through application of a voltage potential to the valve relative to the propellant, which may change the wettability of the valve, permitting propellant to wet and subsequently pass through the valve. The voltage potential may be adjusted to vary the wettability of the valve, resulting in the valve effectively regulating propellant flow rate. The valve may include a conductive layer, a dielectric or insulating layer, and a non-wetting layer to enhance the non-wetting behavior of the valve.