A steam generation apparatus includes: a heat medium flow passage through which a heat medium flows; a primary economizer disposed in the heat medium flow passage; a secondary economizer disposed in the heat medium flow passage at an upstream side of the primary economizer with respect to a flow direction of the heat medium; a primary evaporator disposed in the heat medium flow passage at an upstream side of the secondary economizer with respect to the flow direction of the heat medium; a first flash tank for generating flash steam; a first feed water line configured to supply water heated by the primary economizer to the secondary economizer; and a second feed water line disposed so as to branch from the first feed water line and configured to supply the water heated by the primary economizer to the first flash tank.

A steam generation apparatus includes: a heat medium flow passage through which a heat medium flows; a primary economizer disposed in the heat medium flow passage; a secondary economizer disposed in the heat medium flow passage at an upstream side of the primary economizer with respect to a flow direction of the heat medium; a primary evaporator disposed in the heat medium flow passage at an upstream side of the secondary economizer with respect to the flow direction of the heat medium; a first flash tank for generating flash steam; a first feed water line configured to supply water heated by the primary economizer to the secondary economizer; and a second feed water line disposed so as to branch from the first feed water line and configured to supply the water heated by the primary economizer to the first flash tank.

A thermal energy storage system includes one or more containment vessel comprising an internal cavity containing a bed of phase change material (PCM) operable to store thermal energy, an array of heaters embedded in the molten phase change material, and a tube bundle. The heaters are electrically coupled to an electric power source and operable to heat and melt the PCM to a molten state. The tube bundle comprises heat exchanger tubes embedded in the molten PCM and configured to convey a working fluid (e.g., water or other) through a tube-side of the tubes. The tubes may be arranged in plural individual tube cartridge each insertable and removable from the vessel. In operation, the working fluid is heated by absorbing stored thermal energy from the molten phase change material. The PCM may be heated by power extracted from the power grid during off-peak demand periods.

A thermal energy storage system includes one or more containment vessel comprising an internal cavity containing a bed of phase change material (PCM) operable to store thermal energy, an array of heaters embedded in the molten phase change material, and a tube bundle. The heaters are electrically coupled to an electric power source and operable to heat and melt the PCM to a molten state. The tube bundle comprises heat exchanger tubes embedded in the molten PCM and configured to convey a working fluid (e.g., water or other) through a tube-side of the tubes. The tubes may be arranged in plural individual tube cartridge each insertable and removable from the vessel. In operation, the working fluid is heated by absorbing stored thermal energy from the molten phase change material. The PCM may be heated by power extracted from the power grid during off-peak demand periods.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems, including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that may integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The present disclosure also provides apparatuses and methods for heat exchange, such as an apparatus that can perform boiling and steam super-heating in separate chambers in order to reach a target outlet temperature that is relatively constant as the apparatus becomes fouled. A system of the present disclosure may include an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) subsystem that generates a product stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms, and a dual compartment heat exchanger downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem.

An enhanced boiling apparatus includes a substrate having at least one heated region, at least one outer surface, and one or more asymmetric shaped cavities extending into the substrate along the at least one outer surface. Each of the one or more asymmetric shaped cavities has a sidewall which intersects at a corner with a bubble pathway surface with a different slope from the sidewall. Each of the asymmetric shaped cavities is configured to non-gravitationally direct fluid that is moving along the sidewall out along the bubble pathway surface.

An enhanced boiling apparatus includes a substrate having at least one heated region, at least one outer surface, and one or more asymmetric shaped cavities extending into the substrate along the at least one outer surface. Each of the one or more asymmetric shaped cavities has a sidewall which intersects at a corner with a bubble pathway surface with a different slope from the sidewall. Each of the asymmetric shaped cavities is configured to non-gravitationally direct fluid that is moving along the sidewall out along the bubble pathway surface.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents.

An atmospheric pressure water ion generating device is arranged in a triphase organic matter pyrolysis system which includes a steam generating device and a pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. The water ion generating device includes a connecting pipe connected with the steam generating device, and having an interior that is penetrated, a heating tube having a first end connected with the connecting pipe and having an interior provided with an air channel, and a spraying head connected with a second end of the heating tube, and having an interior that is tapered. The air channel has a surface provided with an alloy catalyst layer. The spraying head is provided with a nozzle which is connected with the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device.

Transition castings are disclosed which comprise a steam tube and a water tube, which are joined together by membranes. A heat transfer fin extends from the membrane and abuts the water tube. The steam tube bends such that an upper end is on one side of the water tube, and a lower end is on an opposite side of the water tube. The transition castings are used in a transition section of a boiler in which the furnace is divided into a lower furnace and an upper furnace. The lower furnace uses water-cooled membrane walls, while the upper furnace uses steam-cooled membrane walls that act as superheating surfaces. The transition casting joins the lower furnace and the upper furnace together.