A biomass energy system utilizes an automated biomass distribution system for evenly distributing biomass within a furnace of the biomass energy system. The even distribution of biomass dramatically increases efficiency of the biomass energy system. The automated biomass distribution system includes a control unit, a set of I/P control boxes, and a set of valve assemblies. Each valve assembly includes a pneumatic actuator, a plug and a discharge duct matching the shape of the plug.

A chemical recovery boilers is described in which the primary air system is reconfigured to provide aggressive charbed control and improved combustion in the lower furnace. The fewest number of primary air ports are used on two opposing walls to generate powerful air jets that penetrate across the boiler providing physical and thermal stability to the charbed while increasing the heat release and combustion stability in the lower furnace, increasing reduction efficiency, and lowering carryover and emissions. Various embodiments are described including operating strategies and multi-level black liquor injection.

An apparatus is disclosed for the pre-capture of carbon from natural gas and/or other light gaseous hydrocarbons and oils, and for co-firing the resulting hydrogen and any remaining hydrocarbons with higher carbon ratio fuels, such as coal and heavy oils and even lower carbon ratio natural gas, in a steam electric generator and/or other boilers, processes, reactors, power plants, engines and combustion turbines, and combined cycle units, to reduce their carbon dioxide production and emissions to the environment, and for co-processing the syngas with other feed materials to react them in a separate vessel and produce a desired outcome.

The invention relates to a staggered firing for combustion of wet charge materials, consisting of the following steps: pre-combustion designed as a fluidized bed firing, heat transition in a heat exchanger, dust precipitation, and post-combustion. The staggered firing is characterized in that during the heat transition in the heat exchanger, exhaust gases from the pre-combustion are cooled and combustion air for pre-combustion is heated and then supplied to the pre-combustion.

An apparatus for thermal processing of waste having organic and inorganic components comprises at least a treatment station, a cooling station and a treated material-removal station, and at least three crucibles. The treatment station is adapted to thermally treat the organic components and/or inorganic components located in a given one of the crucibles located at the treatment station. The so-treated components in this given crucible are adapted to then be cooled at the cooling station, before the treated components located in the given crucible are removed therefrom at the treated material-removal station. The three crucibles are mounted on a turntable so that the three crucibles are each at one of the stations, before synchronously all moving to each crucible's next station.

There is provided a system for recycling waste heat using a solid refuse fuel incinerator, the system including: a solid refuse fuel incinerator configured to incinerate solid refuse fuel supplied into the solid refuse fuel incinerator, the solid refuse fuel incinerator being configured to discharge exhaust gas produced during the incineration; a harmful material precipitator configured to adsorb and precipitate a harmful material by injecting adsorption water to the discharged exhaust gas; a precipitation water filtering device configured to filter and purify precipitation water in which the harmful material is adsorbed and precipitated; a steam power generator configured to generate electricity using steam produced by heat exchange between waste heat of the incinerator and cooling water supplied to cool the solid refuse fuel incinerator; and a hydroponic cultivator configured to be supplied with clean water purified by the precipitation water filtering device and perform hydroponics using the supplied clean water.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

Disclosed herein is a combustion apparatus which comprises a chamber having a apertured rotatable tubular auger mounted between end walls of the chamber to convey particulate material from the region of the chamber proxi-mate the feed inlet to the combustion gas outlet and a blower connected to the opposite end of the tubular auger and configured to blow gas into the bore of the auger and out through the apertures into the chamber.

Disclosed herein is a combustion apparatus which comprises a chamber having a apertured rotatable tubular auger mounted between end walls of the chamber to convey particulate material from the region of the chamber proxi-mate the feed inlet to the combustion gas outlet and a blower connected to the opposite end of the tubular auger and configured to blow gas into the bore of the auger and out through the apertures into the chamber.

An apparatus is provided that receives waste and generates electrical power or thermal energy with minimal NOx emissions. A gasifier is provided that receives the waste and air to produce fuel gas for delivery to a fluidly coupled reformer. The reformer receives the fuel gas, recycled flue gas, and air to auto-thermally produce a reformed fuel gas and destroy fuel gas pollutants at a first temperature without a catalyst. A burner is fluidly coupled to the reformer and receives recycled flue gas and air to oxidize the reformed fuel gas at a second temperature that prevents nitrogen oxide formation, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature. A quench chamber is fluidly coupled to the burner and receives flue gas from the burner for quenching with recycled flue gas. A heat recovery system is fluidly coupled to the reformer, burner, and quench chamber to extract usable energy.