A two-phase immersion cooling device includes an upper box body, a lower box body, a plurality of heating elements, and a condenser. The walls of the upper box body form a first cavity. The lower box body defines a second cavity containing coolant. The heating elements are disposed in the second cavity and immersing in the coolant. The condenser in the upper box body includes multiple rows and columns of condensing tubes, is arranged across or along the upper box body to fill the first cavity. The lower box body is detachably and hermetically connected to the bottom of the upper box body, connecting the second cavity with the first cavity to form an accommodating cavity.

A heat transfer device includes a first member and a first and second heat transfer element. In the first heat transfer element, a first contact area that is a contact area between the first heat transfer element and the first member varies. In the second heat transfer element, a second contact area that is a contact area between the second heat transfer element and the first member varies. The first contact area is greater when magnitude of a first external force applied to the first member is smaller than a first threshold than when the magnitude of the first external force is equal to or greater than the first threshold. The second contact area is smaller when the magnitude of the first external force is smaller than the first threshold than when the magnitude of the first external force is equal to or greater than the first threshold.

Cooling by a twist-untwist process, by a stretch-release process for twisted, coiled, or supercoiled yarns or fibers, and methods and systems thereof. High mechanocaloric cooling results from release of inserted twist or from stretch release for twisted, coiled, or supercoiled fibers, including natural rubber fibers, NiTi wires, and polyethylene fishing line. Twist utilization can increase cooling and cooling efficiencies. A cooler using twist insertion and release can be shorter and smaller in volume than a cooler that requires a large elastomeric elongation. The cooler system can be utilized in mechanochromic textiles and remotely readable tensile and torsional sensors.

Cooling by a twist-untwist process, by a stretch-release process for twisted, coiled, or supercoiled yarns or fibers, and methods and systems thereof. High mechanocaloric cooling results from release of inserted twist or from stretch release for twisted, coiled, or supercoiled fibers, including natural rubber fibers, NiTi wires, and polyethylene fishing line. Twist utilization can increase cooling and cooling efficiencies. A cooler using twist insertion and release can be shorter and smaller in volume than a cooler that requires a large elastomeric elongation. The cooler system can be utilized in mechanochromic textiles and remotely readable tensile and torsional sensors.

Embodiments described herein generally relate a multi-mode heat transfer system. The heat transfer system includes an emitter device. The emitter device includes an inner core, a composite material pattern, and a surface coating pattern. The inner core is surrounded by an outer core having a thickness and an outer surface. The composite material pattern extends through at least a portion of the outer surface and at least a portion of the thickness of the outer core and is thermally coupled to the inner core. The surface coating pattern is on the outer surface and is changeable between a low emissivity state and a high emissivity state based on a surface temperature of the emitter device. In the low emissivity state, the emitter device transmits an omni-directional radiation and, in the high emissivity state, the emitter device transmits a focused radiation via the composite material pattern.

A fluid dynamic rain-making apparatus includes a first tubular member (10) and a thermal conductor (20). The first tubular member (10) includes a fluid channel having a first opening (12) and a second opening (13). An axial cross section of the fluid channel (11) decreases from the first opening (12) toward the second opening (13). The thermal conductor (20) includes a second tubular member (21) attached to the second opening (13) of the first tubular member (10) and heat sinks (22) circumferentially arranged on an outer surface thereof. A fluid (A) enters the fluid channel (11) from the first opening (11) and forms a cooled fluid (A1) through flowing through the fluid channel (11) for cooling the second tubular member (21), thus the heat sinks (22) are cooler than the external fluid (A). Accordingly, moist air is cooled to reach the dew point to form water drop for rainfall.

A composite cooling film including non-fluorinated organic polymeric layer, a metal layer disposed inwardly of the non-fluorinated organic polymeric layer, and an antisoiling, ultraviolet-absorbing hardcoat layer that is disposed outwardly of the non-fluorinated organic polymeric layer.

The present disclosure provides a sunroof system for a vehicle including glass slidably insertable into a vehicle body of the vehicle, and a passive radiant cooling layer disposed below the glass and slidably insertable into the vehicle body. The passive radiant cooling layer includes at least two layers among a first emission layer having a high emissivity in a first band relative to a band outside the first band, a second emission layer having a high emissivity in a second band, which is included in the first band and narrower than the first band, relative to a band outside the second band, and a reflection layer having a high reflectivity in a third band, which is a shorter wavelength than the first band, relative to a band outside the third band.

A radiative cooling device, and a method of manufacturing the same, includes a reflective layer disposed on a substrate and responsible for reflecting sunlight having wavelengths corresponding to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions; and a radiative cooling layer disposed on the reflective layer and responsible for absorbing sunlight having a wavelength corresponding to a mid-infrared region and emitting the sunlight as heat, wherein the radiative cooling layer includes a first radiation layer including an uneven pattern; and a second radiation layer disposed on the first radiation layer and having a refractive index different from that of the first radiation layer.

In most buildings energy for space heating and cooling can be used to maintain the thermal comfort of the building's human occupants by maintaining the interior air temperature at a set point. If one could maintain the human occupant's thermal comfort while decreasing the heating or increasing the cooling set point, energy savings are possible. Many embodiments implement methods and systems of tunable emissivity surfaces in improving building efficiency. Several embodiment implement tuning the thermal emissivity of interior building surfaces at long-wave infrared wavelengths to maintain thermal comfort.